["Social Science Quarterly, Volume 102, Issue 1, Page 362-373, January 2021. ", "\n\nObjectives\nThis article relies on data from 20,730 matches in 30 national soccer leagues in Europe to explore the determinants of penalties taken in elite soccer.\n\n\nMethods\nWe run OLS cross‐sectional regressions using aggregated data.\n\n\nResults\nWe find that the variation in the number of penalties given across European soccer leagues is largely explained by the individualism versus collectivism dimension.\n\n\nConclusions\nThe more (less) collectivistic (individualistic) the culture of the country, the more likely soccer players are to fall intentionally in the penalty area to increase the chances of a foul being called.\n\n"]