["Sociological Forum, Volume 36, Issue S1, Page 1253-1270, December 2021. ", "\nThis article advances an argument first made fourteen years ago (Ignatow 2007) that sociologists interested in culture and cognition should theorize cognition as an embodied phenomenon rather than in terms of abstract information processing. I further develop the theoretical element of the 2007 argument by considering the implications of research on the microbiome‐gut‐brain axis (MGB) from contemporary biology for the theoretical foundations of cognitive sociology. I also further develop the argument methodologically by considering how nutritional surveys and other tools developed within the life sciences and psychiatry can be used productively by sociologists in research on crime, social and political attitudes, and religion. I conclude that MGB research challenges core assumptions of contemporary cognitive sociology, and that cognitive sociology will advance more rapidly if sociologists recognize the fundamental electrochemical mechanisms through which cognition is embodied, and that what is happening in the brain is at all times inseparable from what is happening in the microbiome and the gut.\n"]