This retrospective case-control study investigated risk factors for falls in hospitalized patients and the influence of falls on patient outcomes, using electronic medical records (EMRs) in a South Korean tertiary university hospital. Data were obtained from 868 patients who had experienced a fall and 3,472 patients who had not. Potential risk factors were obtained from EMR data and analyzed using hierarchical logistic regression analysis. Multiple logistic and linear regressions were used to analyze the influence of falls on patient outcomes. Results showed that introducing a fall prevention reinforcement policy contributed to reducing fall risk. Hospital inpatient falls contribute to negative patient outcomes (mortality, readmission, emergency room visits after discharge, length of stay, and costs).