This paper examines the current defense doctrine of the Republic of China (Taiwan), including its evolution – from the offensive approach during the first phase of Taiwan's history, later approaches of “resolute defense, effective deterrence” and “effective deterrence, resolute defense” – to an adjusted approach in the 2000s that was a more realistic and feasible doctrine aimed mainly at preventing the People's Republic of China's forces from landing and establishing secure footholds, based on an asymmetric approach. The main elements touched upon in this article are those related to Taiwan's military security, including current and future challenges and threats, Taiwanese perception of the international environment, an assessment of capabilities and procurement plans of its armed forces (land forces, navy, air force, air defense), problems of political and military allies as well as decreasing military spending that negatively impacts modernization efforts. The final part of this paper presents various recommendations that would allow Taiwan to boost its defense potential.