Low anterior resection procedures are likely to negatively affect pelvic floor function, which are correlated with sexual dysfunction. The purpose of the study was to explore the prevalence of sexual problems in women with rectal cancer after low anterior resection (LAR). The study consisted of an LAR group (n = 32) and a group of healthy women (n = 32). Female sexual function was evaluated using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). A total of 71.8% of those with LAR reported sexual dysfunction, compared to 18.8% in those who are healthy. The FSFI domain scores were significantly lower for the LAR group relative to the healthy group. Logistic regression revealed that group, education, and age were predictors of female sexual functioning. Women who have had an LAR are at higher risk of sexual function problems. The sexual function of women with LAR should be evaluated in patient discharge planning; nurses should provide more information regarding the impact of LAR on sexual function.