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Goal Framing in Public Issue and Action Decisions

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Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy

Published online on

Abstract

Loss aversion is observed both in psychological research and life: Individuals will work harder to avoid losing something than to gain the same thing. Most previous research examining the impact of gain versus loss framing has used personal economic or health decisions, such as preferred investments or health treatments. The present study examined whether goal framing also influences decisions about public resources such as economic development and environmental protection. After reading descriptions of the gains or losses associated with one of these issues, participants rated their concern and support for public actions related to several economic, environmental, and social actions. Results indicated loss aversion: Ratings were higher when losses associated with failing to adopt development or protection programs were emphasized. Thus, decision biases associated with goal framing may apply to decisions about public as well as personal resources. The implications of these findings for policy and communications professions are discussed.