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European Journal of Education

Impact factor: 0.507 Print ISSN: 0141-8211 Online ISSN: 1465-3435 Publisher: Wiley Blackwell (Blackwell Publishing)

Subject: Education & Educational Research

Most recent papers:

  • The Impact of Digital Transformation on Firm Performance: Evidence From Technology‐Driven Business Management Practices.
    Qiaofen Ji, Jin Cui.
    European Journal of Education. yesterday
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study investigates the impact of digital transformation on firm performance using panel data from 5120 firm‐year observations between 2014 and 2024. Results show that digital transformation significantly enhances firm performance both directly and indirectly, with technology‐driven business management practices playing a significant mediating role in this relationship. IT capability, human capital, and digital leadership strengthen this relationship, while heterogeneity tests reveal stronger effects among private, small, and technology‐intensive firms. Robustness checks confirm result stability, highlighting digital transformation as a strategic managerial capability for sustaining firm competitiveness in the digital economy.\n"]
    May 06, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70646   open full text
  • Educational Expansion and Inequality of Educational Opportunity: Perspective of Choice and Capital.
    Xi Chen.
    European Journal of Education. 3 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nSince the introduction of the maximally maintained inequality (MMI) hypothesis, the effect of educational expansion on inequality of educational opportunity (IEO) has been widely debated, with empirical studies producing conflicting results. Using data from the European Social Survey (ESS), this study examines whether the effect of educational expansion is context‐dependent by focusing on four macro‐level indicators derived from the choice dimension (educational returns and costs) and the capital dimension (economic capital inequality and cultural capital inequality). The results show that, at the upper secondary level, the effect of educational expansion varies significantly across social contexts, with educational returns, economic capital inequality and cultural capital inequality exerting significant moderating effects. For higher education, educational expansion is overall associated with lower IEO, but this association does not vary significantly across the four macro‐level indicators. This study provides empirical evidence explaining why the effects of educational expansion are context‐dependent rather than unidirectional.\n"]
    May 04, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70671   open full text
  • Self‐Regulation Profiles and Learning Preferences: A Study of Spanish University Students.
    I. Muñoz‐San Roque, G. Aza‐Blanc, M. Hernández‐Arriaza, E. Fernández, J. R. Martínez‐Fernández.
    European Journal of Education. 4 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nSelf‐regulation of learning is a crucial factor in how students learn and manage their own emotional, cognitive and metacognitive resources. This study has three main goals: first, to identify self‐regulation of learning profiles among 697 Spanish university students using cluster analysis, second, to differentiate these profiles based on sex, academic year, and field of study (Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, Economics and Engineering); and finally, to uncover their preferred ways of learning, teaching methodologies, and assessment methods. Our study has revealed four types of learners: strategic (28.12%), non‐strategic (26.11%), external (22.81%) and anxious (22.96%). Findings revealed that strategic learners, characterised by the highest levels of self‐regulation and self‐efficacy, preferred active and applied methodologies, whereas anxious learners exhibited the highest levels of study‐related exhaustion (p < 0.001). Our study highlights the importance of recognising the diversity of self‐regulated learning profiles among university students to tailor teaching, learning, and assessment strategies, that improve academic performance across a broader range of learners. To support less effective learner profiles, it is essential to provide additional scaffolding through personalised tutorials, enhance planning skills, and deliver structured feedback. Additionally, diversifying teaching and assessment methods—such as incorporating video‐based resources for anxious learners and offering practical, step‐by‐step guidance—can help these students gradually develop autonomy and improve self‐regulation.\n"]
    May 03, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70667   open full text
  • A Genre‐Based Reading‐to‐Writing Intervention for Thai EFL Undergraduates: Enhancing Academic Writing Performance in Thailand's Deep South.
    Bayatee Dueraman, Yusop Boonsuk.
    European Journal of Education. 7 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study evaluates a 10‐week genre‐based intervention that combined model essay analysis, explicit instruction, and process‐based writing to enhance Thai undergraduates' argumentative essay performance. Informed by genre‐based pedagogy, the intervention proceeded through a structured cycle of reading, analysis, writing and reflection. The study adopted a mixed‐methods design. Quantitative data from pre‐ and post‐intervention questionnaires (N = 26) were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics to assess perceived development across four core dimensions of writing. Results revealed significant gains in self‐perceived task response (M = 2.63–4.21), coherence and cohesion (M = 2.85–4.26), lexical resource (M = 2.69–4.29) and grammatical range and accuracy (M = 2.50–4.06), with large effect sizes (Cohen's d = 2.03–2.77; all p < 0.001). Students reported greater confidence and control in structuring ideas, using academic vocabulary, and applying complex grammar. Qualitative data from semi‐structured interviews (n = 26), focus group discussions (six groups of 4–5 participants) and reflective journals (n = 26) were subjected to deductive content analysis. Findings revealed enhanced genre awareness, improved metacognitive regulation, and stronger engagement with academic discourse. Participants described a clearer understanding of essay types, more coherent paragraphing, and a transition from surface‐level strategies toward purposeful, audience‐oriented writing. Emotional developments, including reduced anxiety and increased autonomy, were also noted.\n"]
    April 30, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70666   open full text
  • Teachers' Self‐Efficacy and Work Engagement in Technology‐Enhanced Foreign Language Education: The Mediating Effects of TPACK and Digital Literacy.
    Shuhan Liu.
    European Journal of Education. 7 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nTeacher work engagement is increasingly recognized as an important indicator of teachers' positive professional functioning in technology‐enhanced foreign language education. However, less is known about how teachers' beliefs and digital‐related competencies jointly shape their engagement at work. This study explores the relationship between teacher self‐efficacy and work engagement and examines the mediating roles of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) and digital literacy. Survey data were collected from 408 in‐service Chinese English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers across primary, secondary and higher education contexts. The proposed relationships were examined using structural equation modelling. The results showed that teacher self‐efficacy was positively associated with work engagement. Moreover, this relationship was partially mediated by both TPACK and digital literacy. Notably, digital literacy accounted for a stronger indirect effect than TPACK. These findings suggest that teachers' engagement in technology‐enhanced teaching is supported not only by their beliefs about teaching capability but also by their ability to work effectively and confidently in digital environments.\n"]
    April 30, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70664   open full text
  • An Exploration of Self‐Determination Ability Among Language Major University Students Based on the Conceptual Framework of Decision Thinking.
    Juiching Chiang.
    European Journal of Education. 9 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nA total of 828 participants were surveyed using standardized instruments to measure basic psychological needs and motivation levels, with reliability and validity confirmed through factor analysis. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression to examine predictive relationships and the influence of relevant variables. The results demonstrate that perceived competence and relatedness significantly predict both overall motivation and intrinsic motivation, whereas perceived autonomy does not show a significant direct effect. They are consistent with established self‐determination theory, which suggests that need satisfaction does not uniformly predict motivation, particularly in contexts influenced by cultural factors. Additionally, the application of systems thinking was shown to facilitate decision‐making and enhance intrinsic motivation. The findings highlight the importance of fostering relatedness and competence to enhance self‐determined motivation, and relatedness had the highest effect on prediction and boosting intrinsic motivation, but the feeling of autonomy was found not to predict either total or intrinsic motivation, which is possibly due to cultural reasons. The conclusion is that combining the core values of learning with a high sense of relatedness results in a stronger drive and enhanced intrinsic motivation and from a decision thinking perspective, setting the purpose of learning is the first step toward success. This aligns with the systems thinking principle of dismantling a problem into elements and finding the relevance (interconnections) to solve complex problems (achieve the purpose).\n"]
    April 28, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70625   open full text
  • Teacher Burnout Monitoring and Nature Visibility Intervention: A Systematic Analysis Based on University Ecological Indicators.
    Shihui Hua, Qiuping Wei.
    European Journal of Education. 9 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nTeacher burnout remains a critical issue in educational institutions; however, the influence of environmental and ecological factors on burnout has received limited attention. This study aims to examine the effects of environmental factors—Visual Access to Greenery (VAG), Sunlight Exposure Index (SEI), and Noise Level Index (NLI)—on Teacher Burnout (TB), with Psychological Restoration (PR) as a mediator and Perceived Environmental Quality (PEQ) as a moderator. A quantitative cross‐sectional design was employed, with data collected from 300 full‐time teachers across primary, secondary, and tertiary institutions and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The findings indicate that VAG and SEI significantly reduce burnout through psychological restoration, while NLI increases burnout; however, this effect is weakened under high perceived environmental quality. The results demonstrate that natural visibility, sunlight exposure, and effective noise management play a crucial role in reducing teacher burnout. The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that Visual Access to Greenery (VAG) and Sunlight Exposure Index (SEI) reduce teacher burnout indirectly through enhanced Psychological Restoration (PR), while Noise Level Index (NLI) increases burnout by hindering psychological restoration. These findings emphasize environmental interventions as key factors in enhancing teacher well‐being and offer practical implications for improving educational environments.\n"]
    April 28, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70656   open full text
  • Designing and Evaluating the Pedagogy of an Online Review Genre Writing Course for PhD Candidates.
    Xiuwen Zhai, Yan Cao, Shengji Li.
    European Journal of Education. 9 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study aims to design and evaluate an online academic writing course for PhD candidates who use English as a Foreign Language (EFL), with a specific focus on review genre writing. Although genre‐based approaches have been widely applied in academic writing instruction, relatively limited research has examined the systematic design of review genre writing courses for EFL doctoral students, particularly in Asian higher education contexts. This lack of pedagogically grounded course models has created a gap in supporting doctoral students' ability to develop review article writing competence. Drawing on the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation (ADDIE) model and genre‐based approaches (GBAs), the course was developed to enhance participants' ability to produce review articles in academic contexts. Data were collected through timed writing tasks, questionnaires and focus group discussions involving 120 international PhD candidates in Malaysia. The course design addressed participants' identified writing needs, including general academic writing skills, language‐related challenges and review genre awareness. The findings indicate significant improvements in review genre writing performance, alongside consistently positive evaluations of the course structure and instructional content. This study demonstrates the value of integrating the ADDIE model with GBAs in supporting the academic writing development of EFL PhD candidates, particularly in relation to review article writing. The findings contribute to research on doctoral education and English for Academic Purposes (EAP), and offer practical implications for the design of academic writing courses in multicultural higher education settings.\n"]
    April 28, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70610   open full text
  • Science Mapping of Lifelong Learning in the Digital Age: Current Trends and Future Prospects.
    Hui Li, Ziting Suo, Changhe Wu, Walton Wider, Muhammad Ashraf Fauzi, Hao Wu, Sharmin Kutty Sivaraman.
    European Journal of Education. 9 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study maps the intellectual landscape of lifelong learning in the digital age and identifies directions for future research. A bibliometric science‐mapping approach was applied to 969 English‐language journal articles indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection up to 2024. Using VOSviewer 1.6.20, bibliographic coupling was employed to identify major thematic clusters and research linkages. At the same time, co‐word analysis of author keywords was utilised to examine the conceptual structure and emerging topics. The bibliographic coupling results reveal three dominant clusters: digital competence and online learning in lifelong education, governance and ethical frameworks in digital lifelong learning and technological integration and pedagogical innovation. Co‐word analysis identifies four research fronts: the digital transformation of learning models, the development of digital literacy across the life course, faculty development and institutional challenges and the evaluation of learning effectiveness in digital environments. These clusters highlight persistent tensions between innovation and equity, personalisation and privacy and the rapid proliferation of micro‐credentials and their reliable recognition. The findings underscore the need for coordinated policy frameworks, robust institutional governance and ethically informed technology design to support inclusive and sustainable digital lifelong learning. The study also outlines avenues for future work, including multi‐database and multilingual extensions, mixed‐method triangulation and closer linkage between bibliometric patterns and real‐world learning outcomes.\n"]
    April 28, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70655   open full text
  • Teacher Vitality in Transition: Lessons From China's Double Reduction Policy.
    Ningmeng Cao, Binghai Sun, Weijian Li.
    European Journal of Education. 9 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nIn the context of China's educational reform, teacher vitality is crucial for achieving high‐quality educational development. This study adopted a questionnaire survey method, recruiting a total of 1321 primary and secondary school teachers as research participants to investigate the overall situation and predictive factors of teacher vitality. Teachers presented a moderately high overall level of vitality, among which emotional energy obtained the highest score while physical stamina scored the lowest. Teacher vitality differed significantly across multiple dimensions, including individual attributes (gender, educational attainment, pedagogical training background), professional characteristics (teaching experience, professional titles), and school‐related factors (teaching stage, school location). Additionally, both objective and subjective socioeconomic status (SES) exerted significant effects on teacher vitality, and subjective SES served as a more critical influencing factor. Based on these findings, the study proposes strategic interventions, including career stage–differentiated support protocols, balanced resource allocation, and dual‐track incentive systems that integrate psychological and material rewards. These measures provide a theoretical and practical foundation for optimizing teacher workforce vitality and contributing to the establishment of a robust educational system.\n"]
    April 28, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70665   open full text
  • Impact of Relationship Quality, Organizational Capability, Stakeholder Satisfaction, and Coordination on Learning Organizations in Chinese Higher Education.
    Muhammad Azram, Hong Mei, Asim Khan, Waqar Ahmad, Ruijia Liu.
    European Journal of Education. 9 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe transformation of higher education institutions into dynamic learning organizations is critical for fostering innovation, adaptability and long‐term sustainability. This study investigates the role of inter‐agency trust in shaping learning organizational culture within Chinese higher education, emphasizing the influence of relationship quality, organizational capability, stakeholder satisfaction, and coordination. Employing a robust quantitative methodology, data were collected from faculty, administrative staff, and management personnel across leading universities in Xi'an, China. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilized to analyze both direct and mediating effects. The findings reveal that while relationship quality and organizational capability do not directly influence learning organizational culture, their effects become significant when mediated by diversity experiences. In contrast, coordination and stakeholder satisfaction exert both direct and indirect effects, highlighting their central role in fostering a conducive learning environment. The study underscores the transformative power of diversity experiences in bridging institutional gaps and enhancing organizational learning. These insights provide a strategic framework for policymakers and university administrators to strengthen institutional collaboration, optimize governance structures, and cultivate inclusive learning environments. By integrating trust‐driven mechanisms with diversity‐centred strategies, this research advances the discourse on sustainable educational reforms and the global competitiveness of Chinese higher education institutions.\n"]
    April 28, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70657   open full text
  • Academic Optimism Profiles and Teachers' Conceptions of Assessment in a High‐Stakes System: A Latent Profile Analysis From Türkiye.
    Özgür Ercek, Coşkun Erdağ.
    European Journal of Education. 10 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examined how primary teachers' school culture, conceptualised as Academic Optimism (AO), relates to teachers' conceptions of assessment in Türkiye, where Assessment for Learning is promoted within an enduring testing culture. Using a cross‐sectional survey of 558 primary teachers, we validated measurement models for AO and Teachers' Conceptions of Assessment and then conducted latent profile analysis (LPA) on AO factor scores (collective efficacy, faculty trust, academic focus). A three‐profile solution emerged: Participatory/Effective (83.29%), Powerless/Distrustful (3.87%), and Resiliently Academic under Low Trust (12.85%). Teachers endorsed Accountability & Improvement conceptions more strongly than Irrelevance, which were modestly negatively related. BCH distal outcome comparisons showed non‐monotonic associations: Accountability & Improvement was the highest in the Resiliently Academic/Low Trust profile, whereas Irrelevance was the highest in the Participatory/Effective profile. Findings underscore heterogeneity in assessment ecologies and support profile‐sensitive approaches to assessment reform, leadership and professional learning.\n"]
    April 27, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70583   open full text
  • Tracing the Origin of Rating Bias in a High‐Stakes Chinese–English Translation Test.
    Zhiqiang Yang, Qing Li, Tao Zhang, Baohua Dong.
    European Journal of Education. 10 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nHuman ratings introduce rating bias, thereby undermining the reliability and fairness of the test. While existing studies have identified rating bias as a construct‐irrelevant factor, the sources of rating bias are underexplored. Therefore, this study explored the sources of rating bias of the translation task of a high‐stakes English language test. Based on the performance of 25 students on the translation test task, this study invited nine raters from three universities to rate these responses and collected their rating performance data on the first and last days of CET‐4 rating. Many‐facet Rasch measurement model and think‐aloud were employed to examine the rating bias and explore its sources. The findings revealed that raters' reliability was acceptable but decreased on the last day, and the sources of rating bias were mainly derived from three areas, including rating administration, raters' cognition and construct‐irrelevance factors. Implications on balancing practicality and validity regarding human rating are discussed based on the results.\n"]
    April 27, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70638   open full text
  • Beyond CUDOS and DECAY: Mapping Research Norms With an Institutional Logics Wheel.
    Yuzhuo Cai, Bruce Macfarlane.
    European Journal of Education. 10 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe normative landscape of academic research is increasingly fragmented. Classical CUDOS norms and counternorms coexist across profession, market, corporation, state and community logics, yet existing scholarship rarely explains how these norms are patterned, how they interact, or how tensions between them are mediated. This conceptual article develops an institutional logics wheel of research norms: a relational, spatial heuristic grounded in institutional logics and higher education governance scholarship. Using a structured theory‐synthesis of relevant literature, we map CUDOS and DECAY, an inverted model of classical norms, onto the wheel, derive propositions about compatibility, conflict, hybridisation and bridging, and identify hybrid logics (entrepreneurial, open science, responsible innovation, translational research) and bridging mechanisms (excellence, innovation, impact, sustainable development). The analysis shows how particular configurations can intensify metric‐driven behaviour and research‐integrity risks, while others create constructive alignments between scholarly rigour and societal relevance. We argue that the wheel offers a diagnostic and design tool for governing research norms and a basis for comparative empirical testing.\n"]
    April 27, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70591   open full text
  • Empowering Teachers to Equip the Next Generation With Specialised Sport Education: Physical Education Teachers, Tennis Pedagogy, and SDG 4.
    Bin Liu, Yong Ke.
    European Journal of Education. 10 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis article examines how physical education teachers can be empowered to deliver specialised sport education through tennis pedagogy, linking the analysis to Sustainable Development Goal 4 (Quality Education). Rather than treating specialised sport as an elite or performance‐oriented domain, the study conceptualises tennis as a school‐based educational practice shaped by teachers' professional learning, pedagogical agency, and institutional conditions. Data were generated through an open‐ended qualitative questionnaire with 12 physical education teachers across primary, secondary, vocational, and higher education contexts in China. Thematic analysis shows that teachers consistently reframe tennis as an “educational tool” that can foster rule awareness, integrity, respect, self‐regulation, and strategic thinking, and that they judge success primarily by students' interest, inclusive participation, and sustained engagement rather than competitive outcomes. Teachers build competence and confidence through both formal pathways (e.g., coaching certification and structured training) and informal routes (peer exchange, lesson study, self‐directed learning, and iterative classroom experimentation). However, inclusive tennis pedagogy is highly contingent on uneven institutional conditions. Limited lesson time, large classes, court scarcity, delayed equipment renewal, and weak recognition within assessment and school priorities constrain teachers' capacity to sustain progressive learning and meaningful participation for mixed‐ability groups. The study argues that advancing SDG 4 through school‐based sport education requires more than curriculum aspirations: it depends on strengthening professional learning ecosystems and the infrastructural and institutional conditions that enable teachers to sustain high‐quality, inclusive specialised sport education for future generations.\n"]
    April 27, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70653   open full text
  • The Relationship Between Teachers' Perceived Contextual Support for the Development of Social and Emotional Competencies and Diversity Awareness and Teachers' Burnout in Slovenia: The Mediating Role of Emotional Self‐Efficacy.
    Ana Kozina, Urška Štremfel.
    European Journal of Education. 11 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe rise in reported emotional challenges, coupled with heightened stress and burnout among teachers in Europe, underscores the need to develop a conceptual framework for understanding underlying causes and providing effective well‐being support mechanisms for teachers. This study built upon Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, stressing the embeddedness of individual development in their context, namely the macro‐level context and policies supporting teachers' social and emotional competencies and diversity awareness. Considering policies not solely as fixed conditions but as essential supportive elements that influence teachers' well‐being, we used structural equation modelling to analyse teachers' perceived contextual support for their social, emotional, and diversity awareness competencies in Slovenia (operationalized as perceived support for social, emotional and diversity awareness competencies from [a] initial teacher education, [b] continuous professional development, [c] school policies and [d] national policies) for teachers' well‐being (operationalized as burnout). Then, we analysed the mediating role of emotional self‐efficacy in the relationship between perceived contextual support and teachers' well‐being. We used data from the Slovenian primary/lower secondary in‐service teachers' sample of the project HAND IN HAND: Empowering Teachers Across Europe to Deal with Social, Emotional, and Diversity‐Related Career Challenges (N = 272; 253 women; 42.54 years old, 15.37 years of teaching experience). The analysis points to significant links starting with perceived contextual support, which leads to emotional self‐efficacy and ultimately to cognitive, emotional, and physical burnout. Teachers' contextual support for social–emotional competencies and diversity awareness is shown to be a critical factor in preventing burnout.\n"]
    April 26, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70659   open full text
  • Family Foreign Language Planning and Child Flourishing: The Mediating Role of Learning Emotions in Socioemotional Development.
    Hao Xu.
    European Journal of Education. 13 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nWhile family foreign language planning (FFLP) is increasingly common in contexts like China, its socioemotional consequences for children remain underexplored. Drawing on interviews and written protocols from six Chinese families, this study investigates how children's learning emotions mediate the relationship between FFLP and socioemotional development. Thematic analysis reveals three distinct pathways: (1) directive FFLP mediated by anticipatory anxiety, fostering regulated self‐management; (2) directive FFLP mediated by oppositional joy, enabling assertive autonomy; and (3) responsive FFLP mediated by sustained positive engagement, supporting holistic growth in social–emotional competencies and psychological well‐being. Critically, outcomes depend not on planning style alone, but on children's emotional interpretation of parental practices. The study reconceptualises FFLP as an affective ecology and highlights emotion as the central mechanism through which language planning shapes well‐being, calling for child‐centred approaches in both parenting and educational policy.\n"]
    April 24, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70654   open full text
  • ‘Every Indigenous Person Has Science’: Decolonization of Curricular Epistemicide in Indigenous School Education.
    Paulo Marinho, Aldemir Barros.
    European Journal of Education. 13 days ago
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis paper examines the decolonisation of curricula in Indigenous schooling as an act of resistance to epistemicide, focusing on curricular practices and pedagogical actions that affirm Indigenous knowledge. The study adopted a multiple‐case design grounded in an emic–etic approach and involved two Indigenous community schools in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Its aim was to map and analyse the curricular practices and pedagogical initiatives developed in these schools. The findings show that both schools and their actors are engaged in an ongoing struggle to rebuild and re‐signify their curricula, reaffirming the premise that every Indigenous person has science. In doing so, they not only challenge dominant epistemic narratives but also advance social justice and emancipation by recognising and valuing traditional Indigenous knowledge.\n"]
    April 24, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70586   open full text
  • “From Struggles to Triumphs”: Understanding Teacher Self‐Efficacy at the Chalkface.
    Seth Yeboah Ntim, Collins Opoku Antwi, Michael Osei Aboagye, Peter Adjei Darko, Elijah Takyi Mensah, Xinyu Li.
    European Journal of Education. April 22, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nTreating teachers as mere tools or instruments, denying them of their humanity for the school's goals, causes them to teach in dehumanizing times. Recent research indicates that organizational dehumanization may have a significant impact on an individual's self‐efficacy and work behaviour. However, the causal relationship between organizational dehumanization and self‐esteem, self‐efficacy, and demotivating teaching style remains unclear in this literature. Utilizing job demand‐resources theory, we examine the mediating role of self‐esteem and the moderating role of perceived coworker support in organizational dehumanization and teacher self‐efficacy and demotivating teaching style relationships. Data were collected from early childhood (N = 307) and primary (N = 664) teachers for study 1 (an experimental study) and study 2 (a three‐wave study), respectively. Overall, the combined results of experimental and three‐wave studies provide strong evidence that experiencing dehumanizing treatment from the school leads teachers to internalize negative self‐evaluation, leading to low self‐esteem, which subsequently reduces teacher self‐efficacy but increases demotivating teaching style adoption. And this detrimental effect is less critical among teachers with high perceived coworker support. This study sheds light on dehumanization in the school setting by suggesting practical implications to reduce dehumanizing practices and highlighting the importance of perceived coworker support among teachers in classroom practices.\n"]
    April 22, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70613   open full text
  • (Re)Constructing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Tutor Identity in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Insights from China's Shadow Education.
    Yonghua (Yoka) Wang, Haiyan Zhang.
    European Journal of Education. April 21, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study explores how English as a foreign language (EFL) tutors in China's competitive and challenging shadow education sector (re)construct their professional identities in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). Drawing on semi‐structured interviews and reflective teaching journals, the study investigates Chinese EFL tutors' identity work in AI‐mediated tutoring contexts. The findings reveal three interrelated identity shifts. First, tutors reconstruct themselves from knowledge and skill providers to learning facilitators who guide students in analysing and refining AI‐generated materials for exam‐oriented tasks. Second, emotional and motivational support becomes a central dimension of tutor identity, as tutors respond to students' discouragement and uncertainty triggered by AI‐generated feedback. Third, tutors construct themselves as interpreters and evaluators of AI‐generated content, exercising pedagogical judgement to assess relevance, accuracy and alignment with assessment requirements. Across these dimensions, identity construction emerges as a key site of professional learning through which EFL tutors renegotiate expertise and sustain professional legitimacy amid technological disruption and market competition. The study contributes to research on language teacher identity and AI in education by highlighting how EFL tutors maintain epistemic authority in AI‐mediated shadow education.\n"]
    April 21, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70651   open full text
  • AI For Whom? Participation, Power and Educational Pathways in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.
    Daniel Autenrieth, Jan‐René Schluchter, Lea Schulz.
    European Journal of Education. April 21, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nFor four decades, discourses on digital divides have shaped engagement with societal transformation processes in the context of digitality. With the rapid development of AI technologies, these disparities are manifesting in an emerging “AI Divide” that not only reproduces existing social inequalities but potentially amplifies them. This article analyses the interactions between AI development, digital inequality and social participation, and argues, by way of example, against technological solutionism and techno‐ableism, which reduce complex social challenges to technically solvable problems. Instead, the necessity of a critical integration of AI safety and AI alignment with inclusive educational processes is elaborated. Central to this is the question of how transformative education can enable people not merely to adapt technically, but to actively participate in shaping an inclusive, AI‐influenced society. The article proposes anchoring inclusion as a continuous moment of reflection in the development and implementation of AI, and outlines pedagogical enabling spaces that can promote both “Inclusive AI” and “AI for Inclusion”.\n"]
    April 21, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70602   open full text
  • Exploring Instructors' Online Class Attendance, Teaching Behaviours and Assessment Practices During the Emergency Remote Teaching Period in a Ghanaian University.
    Frank Quansah, Nathaniel Quansah, Ebenezer Ackon, Marian Nyarko.
    European Journal of Education. April 19, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated the rapid implementation of Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) across higher education institutions worldwide. While earlier research has examined the associated technological and student‐related challenges, limited attention has been given to instructors' online class attendance, teaching behaviours, and assessment practices during this period. This study explored university students' evaluations of instructors' online attendance, teaching behaviours, and assessment practices at a university in Ghana during the ERT. A large dataset comprising 73,906 course‐level evaluations from 24,726 students was analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed substantial attendance challenges: 44.8% of students reported that lecturers met for less than 70% of the scheduled time, and many arrived significantly late. The study reported strong endorsement of instructional clarity and content‐delivery teaching behaviours, whereas interactive and higher‐order teaching practices received lower ratings. Assessment practices were dominated by term papers and assignments, with delayed grading and limited feedback. Although multiple assessments were often administered, weaknesses in timely, dialogical feedback suggest a diminished formative function. The findings highlight the need to strengthen digital pedagogical training, infrastructure, and assessment literacy to sustain both instructional continuity and meaningful engagement in future emergency contexts.\n"]
    April 19, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70650   open full text
  • Examining the Role of EFL Teacher‐Care and Credibility on Students' Motivation and Psychological Well‐Being in Smart Classrooms.
    Xiaoying Zhang, Zhigang Zhou, Qian Liu.
    European Journal of Education. April 19, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe emergence of the smart classroom, highlighting the incorporation of developed digital tools, redefined the conventional learning and teaching dynamics. In the meantime, the interpersonal features of teaching, especially teacher credibility and care, are vital in promoting constructive learner results. The present research investigates the degree to which learners' perceptions of teacher credibility and care affect their psychological well‐being (PWB) and motivation in smart classes. Based on a purposive sampling strategy, 440 EFL students who were engaged in digital learning settings participated. They completed four valid questionnaires, evaluating PWB, motivation, credibility and teacher care. The structural equation modelling (SEM) results indicated that credibility and teacher care considerably predicted students' PWB and motivation; however, the links with teacher care were stronger, suggesting that teacher care had a more pronounced bivariate relation with the outcomes. The research emphasises the significance of incorporating relational competencies, including credibility and teacher care, in the professional development of teachers. Developing intimacy, actual interplay and reliability in smart class settings enhances learners' motivation and fosters an environment that leads to PWB, ultimately promoting educational development.\n"]
    April 19, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70634   open full text
  • Impact of Mood States on the Development of Learning Strategies of University Students.
    Marcos Alfonso Payá‐Gómez, Marina García‐Valdecasas Prieto, Óscar Gavín‐Chocano, Eufrasio Pérez‐Navío.
    European Journal of Education. April 18, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nMoods and the development of learning strategies are intrinsically linked due to the influence of emotional and cognitive factors. When students experience positive moods, such as joy, information processing and retention are facilitated, but negative moods, such as stress, anxiety or hostility, can interfere with concentration and academic performance. In this study, 270 university students participated, belonging to the Degrees of Early Childhood and Primary Education; 192 are female (71.1%) and 78 are male (28.9%), with a mean age of 19.64 years (SD = 2.287). The following instruments were used: Mood Rating Scale (EVEA) and the Cognitive Learning and Study Strategies Questionnaire (CECAE). The aim was to determine the effect of mood states on the timing and development of learning strategies, using a partial least squares model (PLS‐SEM), in order to facilitate the understanding of the theoretical framework. The results showed consistent values at each stage of learning strategy development. However, when examining the predictive value of mood states, the only significant values found were for the dimensions of joy (β = 0.277; t = 2.782; p < 0.001) and depression (β = −0.254; t = 2.334; p < 0.005), which explained a specific moment in the development of learning strategies. By understanding the influence of moods on the learning process, we can help students achieve their maximum academic and emotional potential.\n"]
    April 18, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70643   open full text
  • Classroom Practices for Supporting Students With Internalising Mental Health Difficulties in the Primary School Classroom: A Scoping Review.
    Catherine L. Johnson, Laura M. Hart, Jon Quach.
    European Journal of Education. April 18, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nPrimary schools can provide early intervention for students with internalising difficulties (e.g., anxiety), who can be less likely to receive classroom support than students experiencing externalising difficulties. However, an overview of what supportive classroom strategies could be used for students with internalising difficulties has not been established. This scoping review examined the existing literature on teacher practices for supporting these students. 6592 articles were screened by title and abstract, with 23 articles aligned with screening criteria. 473 practice statements were identified and classified under 15 categories. Six meta‐themes of practices were identified: Academic and Instructional Adjustments, Building a Positive Classroom Ecology, Teaching Coping Strategies, Relational Practice, Building Collaborative Support Networks and Identifying Internalising Difficulties. The literature comprised primarily recommendations and qualitative studies. Key areas for future research include addressing the paucity of practices reported for students who present with less common internalising difficulties and establishing an evidence‐base for the use of practices.\n"]
    April 18, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70647   open full text
  • The Role of Relatedness and Competence Needs in Graduate Teaching Assistants' Development of an Integrated Identity.
    Irena Kuzborska, David O'Reilly, Katie Smith, Agata A. Lambrechts, Annis Stenson.
    European Journal of Education. April 18, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nGraduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs) play a crucial role in higher education, yet their teaching experiences remain underexplored. This study addresses this gap by examining the construct of integrated identity, which is essential for teachers' effective functioning and wellbeing. An identity is considered integrated when it aligns with an individual's personal values, beliefs, and inclinations. Drawing on Self‐Determination Theory, which emphasises the key role of three basic psychological needs—autonomy, relatedness, and competence—in identity development, the study specifically examines how satisfaction of relatedness and competence needs contributes to GTAs' identity formation. Data were collected from 176 GTAs across UK universities via an online questionnaire and supplemented by semi‐structured interviews with 25 participants. Results indicate generally high levels of need satisfaction, although some frustrations were also reported. The reasons behind GTAs' satisfaction and frustration suggest the development of introjected rather than integrated identities. This research contributes to the underexplored field of GTA professional identity, providing insights into factors that support or hinder integrated identity formation and offering evidence‐based recommendations for enhancing GTA professional development.\n"]
    April 18, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70642   open full text
  • An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS‐SEM) in Educational Leadership and Management Research.
    Yuting Zhang, Donnie Adams, Jun‐Hwa Cheah, Viraiyan Teeroovengadum, T. Ramayah.
    European Journal of Education. April 17, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nStructural equation modelling (SEM) has become a widely used method across various disciplines including educational leadership and management (EDLM). Although researchers in many disciplines have conducted reviews regarding the use of PLS‐SEM, its application in EDLM has not yet been reviewed comprehensively. To address this gap, the authors reviewed 62 articles applying PLS‐SEM published in leading EDLM journals over the past few decades. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) and employed a narrative systematic review approach. It involved systematically collecting and analysing literature on PLS‐SEM in EDLM. This review covers the reasons for using PLS‐SEM, data characteristics, model characteristics, the use of advanced analyses, reporting and triangulation methods. Additionally, we identify several areas that offer room for improvement in applying this approach in the field. This study provides a set of suggestions and guidelines to inspire the advanced use of PLS‐SEM approach, aiming to support researchers in maximising its functionality and generating more valuable academic and practical results in the future.\n"]
    April 17, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70600   open full text
  • Educational Choices and Social Inequalities: How Research Addresses Students' Decision‐Making.
    Sara Gil, Mariona Farré, Paula Arboix, Aina Tarabini.
    European Journal of Education. April 16, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nEducational choices are a key area of research within the sociology of education, yet the concept of choice remains contested. This paper examines how European research analyses students' decision‐making at key educational transitions and their relationship to social positions. To achieve this, we conducted a Scoping Literature Review of 93 papers published between 2012 and 2022. The analysis identifies key research topics, dominant theoretical and methodological trends, and explanatory factors driving educational choices. Findings highlight the dominance of research in the UK and Northern Europe, the widespread use of Bourdieusian and agency‐based frameworks, and the predominance of qualitative and longitudinal designs. Through a critical examination of educational decision‐making, the paper strengthens the existing evidence by advancing understanding of how social structures and subjective meaning‐making shape choices. It also identifies promising directions for future research, particularly addressing the underrepresentation of Southern and Eastern Europe and examining how social inequalities shape decision‐making.\n"]
    April 16, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70648   open full text
  • Role Identity and Professional Identity: Educators' Experiences During Wartime.
    Shosh Leshem, Gadi Bialik, Sari Alfi‐Nissan, Tamar Chen‐Levy, Ravit Mizrahi‐Shtelman, Michal Bar‐Ner Afik.
    European Journal of Education. April 16, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe study explores role identity and professional identity of educators as manifested in a crisis zone of war. The concept of identity is debated with researchers and theorists challenging the notion of a fixed, unchanging identity. Instead, identity is seen as fluid, constantly being formed and transformed. It is argued that role identities of educational leaders at times of crisis are different from those generally required at ‘normal’ times. It requires educators to possess crisis management skills to enable them to assess the situation accurately and make effective decisions. The relationship between role identity and professional identity is dialectical. War circumstances simultaneously destabilise teachers' role identity and professional identity. Role identity is disrupted as teachers assume shifting responsibilities beyond their original role definitions, while professional identity is undermined by tensions with these new roles and by the disruption of professional values, pedagogical purpose, and the community‐social‐national context of teaching. The study is part of a comprehensive voluntary project conducted at the crisis region of the Israel October 7, 2023 War. It employs a qualitative approach of interviewing 20 educators working at the crisis regions. The study yielded a conceptual framework of a ‘short‐term professional identity’, which encompasses the attributes and qualities that manifest from three different role identities. We contend that these attributes could serve as foundations for enhancing educators' training and leadership initiatives, to overcome challenges during wartime barriers rather than being constrained by them.\n"]
    April 16, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70645   open full text
  • Work‐Related Outcomes Mediate the Associations of Job Demands With Psychological Well‐Being Among Chinese Kindergarten Teachers.
    Tuen Yung Leung, Chun Bun Lam.
    European Journal of Education. April 15, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nTeaching in a kindergarten can be demanding. Prior research has linked the job demands of kindergarten teachers to their psychological well‐being. However, whether different types of job demands are uniquely associated with kindergarten teachers' psychological well‐being and whether work‐related outcomes may mediate these associations remain underexplored. Therefore, this cross‐sectional study examined whether physical, psychological, social, and emotional job demands were uniquely linked to psychological well‐being (indicated by life satisfaction and depressive symptoms) among kindergarten teachers and tested work‐related outcomes (indicated by work performance and work engagement) as mediators. Using an online questionnaire, data were collected from 336 kindergarten teachers (86% female; mean age = 31.6 years) working in Hong Kong, China. Kindergarten teachers rated their job demands, psychological well‐being, and work‐related outcomes and provided demographic information. Structural equational modeling revealed that work‐related outcomes mediated the associations of psychological, social, and emotional job demands with psychological well‐being. However, work‐related outcomes did not mediate the association between physical job demands and psychological well‐being. Theoretically, findings highlighted the importance of conceptualizing job demands as a multidimensional construct and the roles of work‐related outcomes in understanding kindergarten teachers' psychological well‐being. Practically, findings pointed to the possible utility of helping kindergarten teachers manage different types of job demands and improve their work performance and work engagement as means to support their psychological well‐being.\n"]
    April 15, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70649   open full text
  • Predictive Effects of Teacher Support and Peer Support on Chinese University Students' L2 Engagement: The Mediating Role of Mindfulness.
    Zezhi Hui, Meihua Liu, Tianhao Li.
    European Journal of Education. April 15, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis large‐scale quantitative study investigated the predictive effects of teacher support, peer support, and mindfulness on Chinese university students' second language (L2) engagement, and the mediating effect of mindfulness in the relationships of teacher support and peer support with L2 engagement. A total of 571 students completed the L2 Engagement Scale, the Teacher‐and‐Peer Support Scale, and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. The main findings were: (a) teacher support, peer support, and mindfulness significantly and positively predicted L2 engagement, (b) teacher support significantly and positively predicted mindfulness, while peer support negatively predicted mindfulness, and (c) mindfulness significantly mediated the relationships between teacher support and L2 engagement, as well as between peer support and L2 engagement. Based on these findings, several pedagogical implications were provided.\n"]
    April 15, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70599   open full text
  • Do LGBTQIA+ Disabled Students Really Need Safe Spaces?
    Konstantinos Drosos, Georgia Iatraki, Spyridon‐Georgios Soulis.
    European Journal of Education. April 15, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nSafe Spaces in educational settings seem to promote and ensure the emotional and psychological well‐being of all students. Specifically, classrooms that are LGBTQIA+ inclusive are considered refuges for these students. Recent research indicates that such spaces can significantly improve students' mental health and help them freely express their emotions. However, there is also the opposite view that their existence creates negative impacts. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the views of LGBTQIA+ disabled students regarding the value and importance of Safe Spaces within school settings. A qualitative research design employing semi‐structured interviews was utilised. Nine participants over the age of 18 were selected through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis identified six major themes, revealing that the participants reported positive school experiences and demonstrated a holistic understanding of the Safe Space concept. Furthermore, the participants emphasised the need for teachers to be informed/trained about LGBTQIA+ and disability issues. In conclusion, Safe Spaces are perceived as important by LGBTQIA+ disabled students, primarily in terms of fostering a supportive and inclusive environment rather than designing a specific physical space.\n"]
    April 15, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70631   open full text
  • Teachers' Performance and Turnover Intentions: The Roles of Work Overload, Autonomy, and Professional Self‐Efficacy Based on the JD‐R Theory.
    Muhammet Fatih Alkan.
    European Journal of Education. April 15, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study stemmed from the problems around quality education and focused on underlying factors of teachers' performance and intentions to leave the organisation and profession. Within the Job Demands‐Resources framework, structural associations among teachers' work overload, autonomy, professional self‐efficacy, performance and intentions to leave the organisation and profession were investigated. Using the data obtained from 443 Turkish teachers, structural equation modelling revealed significant associations after controlling for the effects of background variables. Work overload was positively associated with teachers' intentions to leave the organisation and profession. Teacher autonomy was negatively related to intentions to leave the organisation and profession. Teacher professional self‐efficacy as a personal resource was positively associated with performance while negatively related to intentions to leave the organisation and profession. Moreover, professional self‐efficacy moderated the association between teacher autonomy and intentions to leave the organisation and profession. These results have implications for ensuring quality education and understanding the role of personal resources in the JD‐R Theory.\n"]
    April 15, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70641   open full text
  • A Maturity Model for Authentic SDG Engagement in Higher Education: An Institutional Ideal‐Type Framework Beyond Audit‐Based Rankings.
    Konstantin Karl Weicht, I‐Ting Chen.
    European Journal of Education. April 15, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nGlobal university rankings increasingly position the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as indicators of institutional responsibility, yet their methodologies often privilege selective reporting, superficial compliance and audit‐driven performance. This article offers a conceptual alternative by developing an institutional ideal‐type framework: a nine‐stage Maturity Model for Authentic SDG Engagement in Higher Education. Extending and reinterpreting Crowther's CSR maturity framework, the model introduces a non‐linear spectrum from −1 Regressive Compliance to 7 Stewardship, capturing both organizational progression and the possibility of regression. Each stage is articulated through five analytical dimensions—intentionality; structures and processes; behavioural and cultural dynamics; risks and limitations; and implications for SDG integrity—drawing on institutional theory and Weberian ideal‐type construction. This design enables a systematic mapping of how universities embed, distort or symbolically enact the SDGs under varying governance contexts and ranking pressures. While grounded in concerns raised in the literature and in an empirical critique of the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings, the model does not aim to replace ranking systems. Instead, it offers a field‐informed diagnostic and developmental tool that clarifies the organizational conditions enabling meaningful SDG engagement. The article thus contributes to theory by advancing a new ideal‐type model of SDG maturity and to practice by supporting higher education institutions in strengthening the integrity, coherence and long‐term credibility of their sustainability commitments.\n"]
    April 15, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70617   open full text
  • Mathematics Self‐Efficacy and Performance: A Mediation Analysis of PISA 2022 Turkey Data.
    Kıvanç Bozkuş, Hatice Kumandaş Öztürk.
    European Journal of Education. April 15, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nUtilizing data from the PISA 2022 Turkey sample, this study investigates the mechanisms linking mathematics self‐efficacy to mathematics performance by examining the mediating roles of eight socio‐emotional and cognitive factors: perseverance, curiosity, cooperation, empathy, assertiveness, stress resistance, emotional control, and self‐efficacy in digital competencies. Theoretically, this study advances social cognitive research by demonstrating that the translation of academic self‐beliefs into achievement is not a uniform process, but is rather differentially channelled—and sometimes hindered—by specific non‐cognitive traits. Data were analysed using parallel multiple mediation and path analysis, incorporating plausible values to ensure robust parameter estimation. Results confirmed a significant positive direct effect of mathematics self‐efficacy on performance, indicating partial mediation. The indirect pathways revealed complex dynamics: curiosity, empathy, assertiveness, and stress resistance emerged as significant positive mediators, whereas perseverance and cooperation exhibited significant negative indirect effects. Emotional control and self‐efficacy in digital competencies showed no significant mediation. These divergent mediation effects point to highly specific policy implications. Because high self‐efficacy enhances performance through traits like curiosity and stress regulation, but is suppressed by standard cooperative and perseverance‐based pathways, educational interventions must move beyond generic confidence‐building. Policymakers and educators should explicitly leverage the positive mediators through inquiry‐driven instruction and stress management protocols, while critically redesigning how collaborative learning and repetitive persistence tasks are structured for high‐efficacy students.\n"]
    April 15, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70635   open full text
  • Bilingual Teachers' Perceived Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Identity Conflicts in the Academia: Unpacking the Sources and Outcomes.
    Ali Derakhshan, Bedrettin Yazan.
    European Journal of Education. April 15, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis qualitative study used individual interviews and narrative frames to understand 21 Iranian bilingual teachers' lived experiences of intrapersonal and interpersonal identity conflicts. The findings based on the data analysis with MAXQDA software showed that teachers experienced different intrapersonal and interpersonal identity conflicts with different sources and outcomes. Intrapersonal conflicts were caused mainly by ‘professional values and expectations’, ‘psycho‐affective factors’ and ‘educational system’, while interpersonal ones primarily emanated from ‘teachers’ dissimilar beliefs and methodologies', ‘old educational policies’ and ‘weak communication among colleagues’. The findings also demonstrated that intrapersonal identity conflicts mostly end in ‘negative emotions and behaviours’, ‘classroom instruction challenges’ and ‘professional growth hindrances' among teachers, while interpersonal identity conflicts ‘damaged organisational relationships', ‘created teacher isolation, ‘produced negative emotions’ and ‘reduced pedagogical efficiency’. This study extends prior research on teacher education and teacher identity conflicts and discusses implications for theory and practice in bilingual education.\n"]
    April 15, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70636   open full text
  • Investigating the Relations Between Academic Buoyancy, Social and Emotional Learning, and English Achievement in a Chinese University Context.
    Jingya Zhang, Bin Shen, Ziqian Lin, Weili (Allen) Xing.
    European Journal of Education. April 15, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nIn high‐stakes Chinese tertiary EFL settings with persistent pressure and limited social and emotional support, identifying protective mechanisms that sustain learning is essential. The study aimed to explore the interactive pattern between academic buoyancy (AB), social and emotional learning (SEL) skills and English learning achievements. Data were collected from 759 college students using questionnaires and College English Test Band 4 (CET‐4) scores. Structural equation modelling confirmed that AB positively predicted English learning achievements through SEL skills overall, though the positive acceptance of academic life dimension of AB showed a negative relation to social management within SEL. Among the four SEL components, only self‐management skill showed a significant independent mediation effect on linking two AB dimensions (i.e., sustainability and positive personal eligibility) and English learning achievement. In addition, three AB dimensions (i.e., sustainability, positive personal eligibility and positive acceptance of academic life) predicted English learning achievements through the serial mediation of self−/social awareness to self‐management skills. These findings could clarify how AB and SEL jointly shape English achievement in tertiary EFL contexts and suggest ways to strengthen students' social and emotional supports.\n"]
    April 15, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70637   open full text
  • Unpacking Spanish EFL Teachers' Perceptions About the Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technologies in Their Pedagogical Decision‐Making: A Phenomenological Analysis.
    Ali Derakhshan, Silvia Corral‐Robles, José Luis Ortega‐Martín, Pedro Ortega‐Rodríguez.
    European Journal of Education. April 15, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nResearch on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in second/foreign language (L2) education has highlighted their contributions to several teaching and learning areas. However, there is insufficient scholarship regarding the impact of AI adoption on teachers' decision‐making processes in English as a foreign language (EFL) settings. To fill the gap, this phenomenological study explored Spanish EFL teachers' perceptions about the role of AI technologies in their pedagogical decision‐making. A sample of 28 teachers participated in semi‐structured interviews. The results of the thematic analysis revealed two spectrums of themes: one suggesting a positive impact of AI on teachers' decision‐making across different aspects, while the other suggesting a minimal impact due to teachers autonomy and agency. The study discusses the findings in relation to theoretical and empirical foundations and lists actionable implications for EFL teachers, teacher educators, and policymakers to encourage an AI‐informed L2 pedagogy and decision‐making. This study contributes to the field by providing novel phenomenological insights into EFL teachers' pedagogical decision‐making in AI‐mediated contexts and by integrating social constructivism and the Technology Acceptance Model to account for this process.\n"]
    April 15, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70639   open full text
  • Navigating AI Adoption: Examining the Moderating Roles of Teacher Agency and Age in the Relationship Between Social Influence and Teachers' Intentions to Use AI.
    Fang Huang, Zhaoqi Tang.
    European Journal of Education. April 13, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nBuilding on the technology acceptance model, this study foregrounds social influence as a contextual driver of teachers' AI adoption and further explores whether teacher agency and age moderate the proposed relationships. Data were obtained from 351 in‐service teachers in China and examined through structural equation modelling. The results show that perceived ease of use was significantly associated with perceived usefulness and attitudes towards AI; attitudes exerted a strong influence on behavioural intention, whereas perceived usefulness did not show a direct association with intention. Social influence emerged as a central factor influencing both teachers' cognitive evaluations and adoption intentions. Moreover, teacher agency and age significantly moderate several relationships in the model. The findings enrich people's understanding of the technology acceptance model in the Chinese educational context and highlight the necessity for teachers and policymakers to consider the contextual and sociocultural factors as well as individual differences when promoting AI in teaching and learning.\n"]
    April 13, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70629   open full text
  • The Effect of Inquiry‐Based Science Instruction on Primary Students' Problem‐Solving Skills: Evidence From a Longitudinal Study in Rural China.
    Yasong Yan, Wanglei Dai, Mengti Li, Qi Chen.
    European Journal of Education. April 13, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nIn recent years, the role of fostering problem‐solving abilities in science classrooms has taken on increasing importance, especially in the rural setting, with students often having fewer resources. The traditional teacher approach may support students with tasks in retaining information, but often does not develop student involvement in assessing, evaluating, and investigating. There is no doubt that the effect of Inquiry‐Based Science Instruction (IBSI) on problem‐solving kids' development in a rural primary school in China, where children of farmers are studying, has been one of the topics of research. The research goes on to take a look at the possibility of different measurements for the engagement, reasoning, and application of scientific ideas under the two teaching methods, one with and one without inquiry. A mixed‐methods framework was applied to the study, in which qualitative and quantitative data were considered. The study shaped a pre‐ and post‐test activity to investigate the improvement of problem‐solving in the four domains: Improvement of Problem‐Solving, Growth Compared, Reasoning & Inquiry Engagement, and diversity of strategies. Statistical approximations of meaning were guided by paired t‐tests and effect sizes. For the qualitative data collection, semi‐structured student interviews and classroom observations were thematically analysed to maximise the depth of student experience and teacher opinion. Results indicated that statistically meaningful improvements occurred in all four areas explored: Problem‐Solving Improvement (1.5238, 1.8270); Comparative Growth (1.3982, 1.7006); Reasoning and Inquiry Engagement (1.4770, 1.7796); and Strategy Diversity (1.4732, 1.7762), which were also supported with large effect sizes. According to the qualitative results, an upsurge in student motivation and self‐esteem, along with better teamwork, were the main positive impacts. All in all, the results suggest that IBSI is the one generating an active learning floor that lets children's minds and cooperation through problem‐solving to flourish in the rural classrooms.\n"]
    April 13, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70592   open full text
  • Examining the Model of EFL Learners' Self‐Efficacy, AI Literacy, and Engagement in AI‐Driven Settings: Self‐Determination Theory Perspectives.
    Wenjuan Zheng.
    European Journal of Education. April 13, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nWith the rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching, learner engagement in AI‐driven contexts has become a critical focus. However, limited research has simultaneously examined how EFL learners' self‐efficacy and AI literacy jointly influence their engagement, nor clarified the underlying psychological mechanisms from the perspective of Self‐Determination Theory (SDT). This study aims to investigate the impact of self‐efficacy and AI literacy on EFL students' engagement, and to explore how these constructs satisfy the three basic psychological needs (relatedness, autonomy, and competence) proposed by SDT. A quantitative research design was employed. A total of 489 Chinese EFL learners were recruited. Validated scales were administered to collect data, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used for analysis. The results revealed that both self‐efficacy and AI literacy have a significant positive impact on EFL learners' engagement. Notably, AI literacy demonstrated a stronger predictive power than self‐efficacy, indicating that technological proficiency plays a more decisive role in sustaining engagement in AI‐driven learning contexts. These findings highlight the importance of fostering technological proficiency and self‐confidence to enhance EFL learners' engagement in AI settings. The study provides practical implications for educational development, syllabus design, and future studies in the field of AI‐assisted language education.\n"]
    April 13, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70628   open full text
  • A Latent Profile Analysis of Academic Emotions: Associations With Perceived Classroom Affordance and Engagement Among Chinese Ethnic Minority EFL Students.
    Hongyan Liu, Yuan Yao.
    European Journal of Education. April 13, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nWithin the framework of control‐value theory (CVT), this study employed latent profile analysis to identify distinct academic emotion profiles (encompassing enjoyment, anxiety, boredom and foreign language peace of mind) among 1088 secondary school ethnic minority English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language (EFL) learners in China. Four emotion groups were identified: negative emotions, moderate‐level mixed emotions, high‐level mixed emotions and positive emotions. Wald chi‐square tests revealed significant differences in engagement across the four groups in behavioural and cognitive engagement, with the positive emotion group scoring the highest, followed sequentially by the high‐level mixed emotion, moderate‐level mixed emotion and negative emotion groups. In emotional engagement, the positive emotion group still ranked highest and the negative emotion group lowest, while no significant difference was observed between the two mixed emotion groups. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that perceived classroom affordance significantly predicted emotion group memberships. Higher affordance perception increased the likelihood of belonging to the positive emotion group while reducing the probability of classification into the high‐level mixed, moderate‐level mixed and negative emotion groups in sequence. These findings extend the CVT by illuminating the complex emotional experiences of underrepresented ethnic minority EFL learners in China and their correlates with environmental and behavioural factors.\n"]
    April 13, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70632   open full text
  • A Correlational Study of AI Usage, Motivation, Self‐Efficacy, and Learning Engagement in Education: Based on Expectancy‐Value Theory.
    Qi Chai.
    European Journal of Education. April 13, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools into educational settings has reshaped language learning practices; however, empirical evidence explaining how AI usage interacts with learners' motivational beliefs and self‐perceptions to influence engagement and enjoyment remains limited, particularly in EFL contexts. Although prior studies have examined technology adoption or learner motivation separately, few have situated AI‐assisted learning within a comprehensive motivational framework such as Expectancy‐Value Theory. Addressing this gap, the present study investigated the relationships among AI usage, motivation, self‐efficacy, learning engagement, and learning enjoyment among 563 Chinese EFL learners. Guided by Expectancy‐Value Theory, the study further explored the predictive roles of AI usage, motivation, and self‐efficacy in shaping learners' engagement and enjoyment. Data were collected through validated questionnaires measuring AI tool usage frequency, motivation, enjoyment, self‐efficacy, and engagement. Correlation analyses demonstrated significant positive associations among all variables. Multiple regression and structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses revealed that motivation was the strongest predictor of both engagement and enjoyment, followed by self‐efficacy and AI usage. The findings indicate that AI integration alone does not automatically enhance learning outcomes; rather, its effectiveness depends on how it aligns with learners' expectancy beliefs and task values. By extending Expectancy‐Value Theory to AI‐mediated EFL learning environments, this study contributes to the theoretical understanding of motivational processes in technology‐enhanced education and offers pedagogical implications for educators and curriculum designers aiming to foster sustained engagement and positive emotional experiences through AI‐supported instruction.\n"]
    April 13, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70633   open full text
  • ChatGPT Practices of High School Students in Programming Education: Experiences, Perceptions and Challenges.
    Semra Fiş Erümit.
    European Journal of Education. April 11, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study aimed to investigate high school students' intentions to use chatbots via ChatGPT in programming education and to explore their awareness of the potential benefits and drawbacks. In this study, students' experiences with using ChatGPT in educational contexts were evaluated based on the UTAUT2 model. The sample of this study consists of 53 students in the 9th grade. A mixed research method was used in the current study. The Behavioural Intention Scale for Using Chatbots and Learning in Education was administered to the students as a pre‐ and post‐test. The results indicated that students' performance expectancy, effort expectancy, attitude towards improving learning, social influence, facilitating conditions, self‐efficacy and behavioural intentions to use and learn chatbots increased, while their anxiety levels decreased. Interview findings revealed that students raised concerns related to reduced creative thinking, ethical issues, privacy and data security associated with generative AI use.\n"]
    April 11, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70616   open full text
  • How Do Teachers Matter in the GenAI Era? A Meta‐Analysis of the Relationship Between Teacher Interpersonal Behaviours and Student Learning.
    Siqi Liu, Wanyong Wang, Yao Yao, Dechao Li.
    European Journal of Education. April 11, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nGenerative artificial intelligence (GenAI) is reshaping higher education, necessitating a reassessment of the role of teacher interpersonal behaviours in this context. This meta‐analysis synthesised 156 effect sizes from 30 studies conducted during the GenAI era (2023–2025) on the relationship between teacher interpersonal behaviours and student learning outcomes in higher education. Subgroup analyses were conducted for the dimensions of teacher support and student learning, accounting for the multidimensionality of both constructs. Results suggested a medium‐to‐large and positive relationship, and the strength of this relationship did not vary significantly across different types of teacher support or dimensions of student learning. These findings reveal the enduring importance of teacher interpersonal behaviours and the complexity of teachers' interpersonal roles in the GenAI era, requiring teachers to simultaneously provide emotional connection, cognitive guidance, and structural clarity, and underscoring the need for teacher professional development programmes to emphasise holistic interpersonal competencies.\n"]
    April 11, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70627   open full text
  • Improving Teaching Quality in Physical Education in China: A Comprehensive Analysis.
    Zhang Chao, Cui Jiajia, Erastus Mak‐Mensah.
    European Journal of Education. April 11, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive scientometric analysis to evaluate the trends, impact and collaborative networks in research related to improving teaching quality in physical education in China. The study utilises Web of Science as the primary academic database to search for relevant publications. Bibliometric analysis was conducted using Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny R packages, facilitating various analyses such as co‐authorship networks, bibliographic coupling, co‐citation analysis and citation mapping. The analysis revealed a fluctuating yet overall increasing trend in publications from 2008 to 2023, with a significant peak in 2022. China emerged as the leading country in research output, with Jiujiang University being the most prolific institution. Key authors such as Kong X.L. and Wang Y. were identified as influential contributors. In addition, influential journals included ‘Mobile Information Systems’ and ‘Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience’. This study provides valuable insights on improving teaching quality in physical education, highlighting key trends and influential contributors. This could inform policymakers, funding agencies and academic institutions in making data‐driven decisions regarding research strategies and resource allocation.\n"]
    April 11, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70561   open full text
  • Uncovering the Role of Teacher‐Student Rapport in Fostering EFL Students' Willingness to Communicate and Engagement in Digital Learning Context.
    Ma Yuxia.
    European Journal of Education. April 11, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nIn digital English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms, fostering effective communication and sustained learner engagement remains a central pedagogical challenge. Likewise, Willingness to Communicate (WTC) is pivotal to language development. In digital contexts, where isolation and diminished social presence can suppress communicative behaviours, teacher–student rapport (TSR) may serve as a catalyst for enhancing learner interaction and motivation. However, limited empirical research has explored how TSR influences WTC and engagement specifically within digital EFL environments in China, revealing a critical research gap. As a result, this research inspects the pivotal role of TSR in boosting EFL learners' WTC and engagement in digital learning contexts within a Chinese educational context. Grounded in Positive Psychology (PP) and the interpersonal approach to language learning, the study employed structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse data from 460 EFL students enrolled in digital English courses across Henan province. Data were collected using three validated instruments measuring rapport, WTC and engagement, all adapted for cultural and contextual relevance. The results of structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that TSR was a significant predictor of both WTC and engagement in EFL students. These findings underscore the transformative potential of supportive teacher–student relationships in digital EFL settings, offering insights for EFL learners' stakeholders. By fostering interpersonal connectedness, educators can elevate participation and communication efficacy in virtual classrooms. Theoretically, this study contributes to the growing body of literature on PP in language education by empirically validating the power of TSR in improving communicative behaviours and student engagement in digital settings. The study's implications highlight the need for culturally responsive pedagogical strategies to strengthen TSR and facilitate communicative competence in Chinese EFL learners.\n"]
    April 11, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70596   open full text
  • The Role of Chinese EFL Teachers' Interpersonal Emotion Regulation in Their Work Engagement and Buoyancy: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed‐Methods Research.
    Xiaojing Shi, Yongliang Wang.
    European Journal of Education. April 11, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe role of teachers' emotions in professional practices has been highlighted in the literature. Yet, the interpersonal dimension of teachers' emotions and their regulation has received scant attention. To fill this gap, the present study adopted a triangulated approach to explore the role of interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) in EFL teachers' work engagement (WE) and buoyancy. A sequential explanatory mixed‐methods design was employed, combining three scales and interviews to collect data from 331 Chinese EFL teachers. Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations among IER, WE, and workplace buoyancy. Further, multiple regression analysis indicated IER predicted 48% of WE variance and 32% of buoyancy variance, respectively. In the qualitative phase, IER contributed to WE by fostering a positive classroom climate, teacher‐student rapport, and collaboration; for buoyancy, it acted through building professional rapport, mitigating negative emotions, and alleviating emotional labour/pressure, with work cognition also playing a role. The findings elucidate IER's mechanism in EFL teachers' professional well‐being and provide implications for enhancing their interpersonal emotional literacy in theory and practice.\n"]
    April 11, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70604   open full text
  • Teacher Support, AI Literacy, Personal Best Goals, and Engagement in AI‐Supported English Learning: A Goal‐Setting Theory Perspective.
    Yaoqing Xi, Bin Xue.
    European Journal of Education. April 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into English language education has generated growing interest in understanding engagement in AI‐supported learning environments, particularly in vocational education contexts. Drawing on goal‐setting theory, this study examined the associations among teacher support, AI literacy, personal best goals, and engagement in AI‐supported English learning among vocational college students. Data were collected from 573 Chinese vocational college students with prior experience in AI‐assisted English learning. Structural equation modelling was employed to test the hypothesized relationships and mediating effects. The results indicated that teacher support and AI literacy were positively associated with personal best goals and engagement. Personal best goals were positively associated with engagement and served as a motivational correlate linking teacher support and AI literacy with engagement. By focusing on vocational college students, this study fills a critical gap in research on their engagement in AI‐supported language learning, informing the design of AI‐Supported vocational English instruction.\n"]
    April 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70623   open full text
  • Effect of Artificial Intelligence‐Based Tutoring, Cognitive Engagement, and Teacher Feedback on University Students' Academic Performance.
    Gang Wang, Fang Sun.
    European Journal of Education. April 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\n\nIntegrating AI into education has significantly improved students' personalized learning skills. However, the absence of human‐based feedback or sentiment oversight has caused unrest among university students. The present study was designed with theoretical foundations of self‐regulated learning to examine the contribution of AI‐based tutoring (AIBT), cognitive engagement (CE), and teacher feedback (TF) to students' academic performance (AP). The research design of the current quantitative study was correlational in nature. The study participants were Chinese University students, and data were collected from 314 students selected through multi‐method and multi‐stage sampling techniques. The data were analysed using Jamovi software. The results revealed that AIBT significantly enhances students' AP. The analysis indicated that students' CE positively enhances and mediates the relationship between AIBT and AP. We found that TF also contributes to students' AP. However, its moderating effect on the relationship between AIBT and AP was found to be insignificant. The study concludes that in SRL theory driven context, TF was positively related to AP, but it did not change the AIBT and AP relationship. This suggests that AIBT and TF may help in parallel. Guidance is still needed on when to rely on AIBT and when to seek TF.\n\n"]
    April 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70619   open full text
  • Understanding Academic Procrastination Through Perfectionism and Basic Psychological Needs: A Motivational Trait Model.
    Mohamed Jamal Bakali Tahiri, Athanasios Mouratidis, Ecem Erdem, Altuğ Umut Karademir.
    European Journal of Education. April 08, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nAcademic procrastination is a widespread problem among students and is associated with detrimental academic and psychological outcomes. While various perspectives have been employed to study the predictors of procrastination, the literature remains fragmented. This study aims to integrate the differential and motivational perspectives on academic procrastination by examining both a trait‐like predictor (multidimensional perfectionism) and a motivational predictor (basic psychological need satisfaction) of academic procrastination in an integrated model. A sample of 441 Turkish university students (Mage = 20.13, SD = 2.03 years) completed self‐report measures, and the data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The main findings showed that perfectionistic strivings positively predicted need satisfaction, whereas perfectionistic concerns negatively predicted it; in turn, need satisfaction negatively predicted academic procrastination. Furthermore, need satisfaction did not mediate the relation between multidimensional perfectionism and academic procrastination. However, supplementary analyses indicated that when examined separately, the needs for autonomy and competence mediate the relation between multidimensional perfectionism and academic procrastination. In addition to providing a more unified understanding of academic procrastination, these findings support the existence of trait‐like antecedents of need satisfaction—an often‐neglected area of research. The implications of the current findings are discussed.\n"]
    April 08, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70624   open full text
  • “Cognitive Co‐Pilot” or “Ghostwriter”?—The Usage Mechanism and Adjustment Strategies of Learners for Generative AI in Academic Research.
    Hao Yu, Huajun Zhang, Yan Dong.
    European Journal of Education. April 08, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nGenerative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has rapidly penetrated academic research, with both advantages such as efficiency improvement and cognitive supplementation, as well as challenges such as inaccurate content and ethical risks, triggering a positioning controversy between “cognitive co‐pilot” and “ghostwriter”. Existing research lacks exploration of the usage mechanism to address this positioning controversy from the learner's perspective. This study adopted a qualitative research method based on grounded theory, conducted semi‐structured interviews with 18 learners covering educational levels from undergraduate to doctoral degrees and multiple disciplinary fields, and performed four‐level coding analysis combined with NVivo software. The results show that learners are driven by the advantages of efficiency perception, cognitive supplementation, and academic need matching, face constraints from technical limitations, low disciplinary adaptability, ethical risks, and cognitive dependence, and achieve adjustment through strategies of tool optimisation, content validation, and cognitive reconstruction. Finally, this study constructs a usage mechanism of “advantage‐driven—dilemma‐constraining—adjustment strategies”, and condenses five essential modes of existence of GenAI in academic research, namely tool‐based, differentiated, contradictory, fluid, and reflective, combined with the characteristics of cognitive and usage patterns. This study fills the limitation of existing research that emphasises technology over users, and provides empirical evidence for learners to use GenAI while adhering to subjectivity and academic ethics, for differentiated guidance by educators, and for developers to optimise disciplinary adaptability.\n"]
    April 08, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70563   open full text
  • Unveiling the Impact of AI‐Oriented Professional Development on Chinese EFL Teachers' Pedagogical Character Formation.
    Xiaohan Li, Jiajia Zhang, Mingxuan Li.
    European Journal of Education. April 07, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nRecently, the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has led to different changes and developments in second/foreign language (L2) education. However, the interplay of AI and teacher professionalism has received insufficient attention in the literature. To address the gap, the current study adopted a qualitative approach to examine how attending AI‐oriented teacher professional development (TPD) programs had affected teachers' pedagogical character formation. A sample composed of 31 Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers participated in individual online interviews. The results of thematic analysis indicated that attending AI‐oriented TPDs could help EFL teachers' pedagogical character formation by ‘enhancing technological proficiency and literacy’, ‘increasing adaptability to educational change and innovation’, ‘boosting pedagogical competency and self‐efficacy in adopting AI’, and ‘encouraging reflectivity and autonomy in education’. Each finding is distinctively discussed, and implications for EFL teachers and teacher educators are provided at the theory and practice levels to encourage more AI‐powered TPDs in the L2 education contexts to foster a modern teaching character.\n"]
    April 07, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70605   open full text
  • The Mediating Role of Self‐Esteem Between Students' Perceived Language Teacher Support and Academic Achievement: A Set‐ESEM Approach.
    Xueheng Zhou, Shijing Kang.
    European Journal of Education. April 07, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nTeacher support has been acknowledged as a significant contributor to student achievement. However, the psychological mechanism underlying this relationship, particularly the mediating role of students' self‐esteem, remains insufficiently clarified in English‐as‐a foreign‐language (EFL) learning context. In light of this, this study examined the intricate relationships between perceived teacher support, self‐esteem and academic achievement in EFL learning. Data from a cross‐sectional survey of 811 Chinese secondary school EFL students were analysed using the Set‐Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (Set‐ESEM). The results showed that the direct effect of teacher support dimensions on EFL academic achievement was not statistically significant. Crucially, mediation analyses demonstrated that self‐esteem acted as a full mediator in the links of both emotional and instrumental support with achievement. This study not only underscored the pivotal role of self‐esteem as a core internal psychological resource for EFL learners, but also offered pedagogical implications for educators on how to foster EFL learners' balanced self‐esteem, thereby enabling teacher support to be more effectively translated into academic achievement and success.\n"]
    April 07, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70621   open full text
  • AI‐Powered Auditory Training and Its Role in Strengthening Musical Memory: A Systematic Review in Higher Music Education.
    Lin He, Zhao‐ling Chen.
    European Journal of Education. April 06, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nIntegrating artificial intelligence (AI) into music education has emerged as a transformative development, particularly in auditory training. This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of AI‐powered auditory training tools in enhancing musical memory, specifically short‐term, working, and long‐term memory among university‐level music students. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, eight peer‐reviewed empirical studies published between 2017 and 2025 were selected using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings indicate that AI‐powered auditory training tools significantly improve learners' pitch discrimination, rhythmic accuracy, melodic recall, and auditory retention compared to conventional teaching approaches. These improvements were largely due to the tools' ability to deliver adaptive, engaging, and personalised learning experiences grounded in cognitive learning theories, such as spaced repetition, retrieval practice and multisensory integration. This review contributes to the growing literature advocating data‐driven, learner‐centred approaches to music pedagogy in the digital age.\n"]
    April 06, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70569   open full text
  • Vietnamese Primary Teachers' Autonomy in the Context of Educational Reform.
    Thang Dinh Truong, Hong‐Van Thi Dinh, Xuan V. Ha, Kien The Pham, Tram‐Anh Thi Nguyen, Dung Viet Nguyen.
    European Journal of Education. April 06, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nVietnam's 2018 General Education Curriculum Reform (GECR) aims to enhance teacher autonomy in designing competency‐based and student‐centred learning. However, how this autonomy is enacted in practice remains underexplored. This qualitative study investigates how Vietnamese primary teachers interpret and exercise autonomy in curriculum, pedagogy and assessment under the 2018 GECR and the challenges they face. Data were drawn from semi‐structured interviews with 21 participants—including teachers, principals and academic group leaders from three public primary schools representing diverse contexts. The study employs team‐based thematic analysis to identify patterns of teacher autonomy and constraints. Findings show that while teachers exercised substantial autonomy in adapting curriculum content, selecting pedagogical methods and employing formative assessments, their autonomy remains uneven across domains. In particular, summative assessment requirements and accountability pressures continue to structure key instructional decisions, producing a contextually negotiated form of ‘bounded freedom’. The findings further suggest that teacher autonomy is shaped by two mechanisms: asymmetrical reform sequencing that reinforces assessment control, and cultural norms of hierarchy and collective conformity that position autonomy as adaptive alignment with institutional expectations rather than individual professional discretion. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of ‘bounded autonomy’ and underscores the need for structural, professional and cultural supports to enable meaningful teacher autonomy and agency.\n"]
    April 06, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70587   open full text
  • Generative AI‐Supported Student Video Creation in Communication Education: A Mixed‐Methods Study of Learning Motivation, Career Confidence and Creativity.
    Yunsong Wang, Sihan Tian, Yuhong Xie.
    European Journal of Education. April 06, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nGenerative AI is rapidly entering communication education and reshaping how students create video‐based messages, yet evidence remains limited on how AI adoption relates to learning motivation, career confidence and creativity in communication programs. To fill this void, this mixed‐methods study draws on the UTAUT and Self‐Determination Theory to frame regression models. It analyzes survey data from 768 undergraduates at three Chinese universities and further supplements the quantitative findings with thematic analysis of 20 semi‐structured interviews. Findings show that higher generative AI adoption is positively associated with learning motivation (β = 0.723, p < 0.001) and career confidence (β = 0.849, p < 0.001); interview data further indicate a creativity tension, whereby AI supports efficiency and experimentation while also prompting concerns about standardisation, diminished originality and reliance on AI outputs. This study advances research on technology adoption in communication education by highlighting students' dual experiences of empowerment and constraint, and it suggests that AI integration in video creation should combine tool training with structured evaluation and reflective practices to sustain creativity while supporting career development.\n"]
    April 06, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70609   open full text
  • Navigating Boundaries in International and Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration: Insights from a Collaborative Autoethnographic Exploration.
    Yonghua (Yoka) Wang, Mengjie Jiang, Qian Liu, Tinghe Jin.
    European Journal of Education. April 04, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study explores how international and interdisciplinary research collaboration is experienced and sustained in practice, with particular attention to the roles of early‐career researchers (ECRs). Drawing on a collaborative autoethnographic approach, we analyse four collaboratively constructed narrative vignettes from a three‐year UK–China research project. The vignettes capture researchers' lived experiences of working across epistemic, cultural and institutional boundaries. The findings show that collaboration is sustained not primarily through formal coordination or technical alignment but through ongoing negotiation of epistemic boundaries, power asymmetries and care practices in collaborative work. ECRs frequently encounter epistemic boundaries as sites of uncertainty, legitimacy negotiation, and vulnerability, shaped by career stage, institutional location and governance contexts. Meanwhile, they occupy intermediary roles as linguistic, disciplinary and cultural mediators, making them indispensable while exposing them to disproportionate epistemic and relational labour. The analysis further shows that care practices, such as attentiveness, reflexivity, emotional support and coordination across differences, are central to sustaining collaboration. When care labour is privately absorbed by ECRs, collaboration risks exhaustion; when recognised and embedded in collective and leadership practices, it supports sustainable collaboration. Methodologically, the study demonstrates the value of CAE for revealing the micro‐dynamics of collaborative research.\n"]
    April 04, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70612   open full text
  • Introducing an Innovative Flipped Finnish Teacher Education Program in a Middle East Context: Reflections From the First Educational Psychology Course.
    Markus Talvio, Kirsti Lonka, Lawrence Meda.
    European Journal of Education. April 04, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nOver the past 30 years, higher education has increasingly focused on student‐activating methods and teacher learning, emphasizing active, self‐regulated and collaborative learning. This study examines applying Finnish educational psychology principles in a United Arab Emirates course as a first part for a Post Graduate Diploma in Education. The course used a flipped classroom design with online and face‐to‐face components. Data from summaries of students' learning diaries showed that two‐thirds of reflections were elaborative or insightful in nature, indicating that the participants started to put theoretical understanding into practice in school contexts. The study contributes to understanding how modern educational approaches may work in intercultural contexts.\n"]
    April 04, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70615   open full text
  • Transforming Education: How AI‐Assisted Classroom Management Tools Shape Personalized Teaching, Teacher–Student Interactions, and Teachers' Engagement—A Time‐Series Analysis Approach.
    Huiting Zhang, Xiaochen Liu.
    European Journal of Education. April 04, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into educational settings has transformed traditional classroom management, yet there is a need to understand how these tools dynamically influence teaching practices and student outcomes over time. While prior research has established the benefits of smart classrooms, a gap remains in examining the longitudinal relationships between AI‐assisted management, personalized teaching, and student engagement within a unified structural model. Grounded in Sociocultural Theory and Self‐Determination Theory, this study investigates the evolving role of AI‐assisted classroom management tools in shaping personalized teaching, enhancing teacher–student interactions, and fostering student engagement through a time‐series analysis. Drawing on data from 406 in‐service English language teachers in Hefei and Handan, China, the research employs structural equation modelling using AMOS to examine the role of AI integration. The results reveal that AI tools significantly improve instructional strategies and personalized teaching, enabling educators to better address individual student needs and cultivate stronger classroom relationships. These improvements in teacher–student interactions are positively associated with increased student motivation and engagement. Time‐series analyses further reveal that the relationship between AI tools and educational outcomes becomes increasingly robust over time, with teaching adaptability and student results showing consistent positive associations as AI familiarity grows. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the temporal dynamics of AI integration, highlighting its potential as a transformative mediator in the classroom. The study was conducted ethically, with informed consent obtained from all participants, and findings underscore the importance of sustained and strategic AI integration to enhance pedagogical practices and learner engagement.\n"]
    April 04, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70607   open full text
  • Teacher Habitus in Transition: Reflexivity and Adaptation in Taiwanese Initial Teacher Education During the Shift to Remote Education.
    Yu‐Ping Hsu, Ya‐Fei Yang.
    European Journal of Education. April 04, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nHybrid teaching and blended learning have transformed traditional practices and challenged pre‐service teachers' beliefs during professional socialisation. This study explores how they deliberately reflected on, interpreted, and reinterpreted their teaching practices in response to uncertainties, using the concept of teacher habitus. Drawing on qualitative interviews with participants in initial teacher education programmes, the findings highlight that teacher habitus has continuously developed to adapt to various uncertainties. The shift in logics of the field not only opened up alternative teaching practices both at the individual and collective levels but also caused a disconnection between habitus and the fields, representing the hysteresis effect. This article suggests that the hysteresis effect fosters individual reflection and the development of understanding and adaptive strategies, which may bridge the gap between evolving habitus and the shifting field of diverse learning approaches and contexts.\n"]
    April 04, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70618   open full text
  • Enhancing Preservice Science Teachers' Self‐Efficacy and Technology Integration Tendency Through Web 2.0‐Based Instruction.
    Nagihan Imer Cetin, Nilay Muslu‐Komurcu, Hasan Zuhtu Okulu.
    European Journal of Education. April 04, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examines the impact of the Web 2.0‐focused course on preservice science teachers' self‐efficacy in developing digital materials, their tendency to integrate technology into teaching, and views on using technology in teaching practice. We used a sequential explanatory mixed‐method design. Data was collected through self‐efficacy and tendency scales for technology and interviews. Fifty‐five preservice science teachers participated in a 14‐week Web 2.0‐based course. During the intervention, Web 2.0 tools were introduced, their classroom integration was discussed, and preservice teachers created and applied instructional materials. The results showed that the Web 2.0‐based course significantly enhanced preservice science teachers' self‐efficacy in developing digital materials and their tendency to integrate technology into teaching, with a large effect size. A moderate correlation was found between these factors, and qualitative findings supported that greater confidence in using Web 2.0 tools led to increased integration in instruction. These findings emphasize the need for technology‐focused courses in preservice teacher education to enhance confidence and willingness to use digital tools.\n"]
    April 04, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70614   open full text
  • The Relationship Between Teachers' Character Strengths and Students' Motivation and Well‐Being in AI‐Supported Classrooms.
    Ying Wang.
    European Journal of Education. April 04, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nDespite growing interest in positive psychology and AI‐enhanced language education, limited research has examined how teachers' character strengths shape student outcomes in AI‐assisted EFL classrooms. To address this gap, this study examined the relationship between English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' character strengths and students' motivation and well‐being in classrooms integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. A total of 572 EFL learners participated in the study and completed three validated instruments: the Teachers' Character Strengths Questionnaire (TCSQ), the Students' Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ), and the Students' Well‐Being Questionnaire (SWQ). Data were analysed using SPSS version 27 and AMOS version 24 through correlational and structural equation modelling (SEM) analyses. The results revealed significant positive correlations between teachers' character strengths and both students' motivation and well‐being. Specifically, the character strengths of humanity, transcendence, and wisdom emerged as the strongest predictors of students' intrinsic motivation and emotional well‐being in AI‐assisted learning environments. These findings highlight the central role of teachers' positive psychological attributes in fostering learner motivation and emotional balance when technology is incorporated into classroom instruction. Theoretically, the study supports the integration of positive psychology and self‐determination theory within AI‐mediated educational settings. Practically, it underscores the importance of teacher training programmes that promote character development alongside technological competence. Implications for policy, pedagogy, and future research are discussed in light of these findings.\n"]
    April 04, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70611   open full text
  • Reflexive Researching: Applying Self‐Study Methodology as a Meta‐Research Framework for Investigating Qualitative Research Practice in Education.
    Jason Zagami.
    European Journal of Education. April 01, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis paper explores the application of self‐study methodology as a meta‐research framework for investigating research practice in education. While meta‐research has traditionally examined issues such as reproducibility, publication bias, and methodological integrity, less attention has been paid to the lived, experiential, and relational dimensions of how researchers navigate their work. Building on traditions of reflective practice and self‐study, the Meta‐Methodological Self‐Study Framework (MMSF) was introduced. This framework comprises five dimensions: articulating positionality, tracing methodological decision‐making, identifying dissonance and adaptation, mapping institutional and cultural influences, and engaging in dialogic validation. The study employed an 18‐month collaborative self‐study involving five educational researchers working across diverse empirical projects. Data sources included reflective journals, critical incident logs, peer debriefings, and research artefacts. Thematic analysis yielded four central findings: methodological decision‐making as negotiated practice, identity and power dynamics as central to research, institutional and policy logics as shaping forces, and relational ethics as constitutive of rigour. Illustrative researcher cases demonstrated how reflexive inquiry surfaced tacit compromises, reframed identity struggles, and fostered collaborative accountability. Findings indicate that self‐study offers a rigorous and value‐sensitive lens for interrogating research, providing insights into researcher development, institutional negotiation, and ethical practice. The paper argues that the MMSF contributes to theory, methodology, and practice by foregrounding reflexivity, care, and collaboration as hallmarks of research quality. Beyond education, the framework has cross‐disciplinary potential for fostering more equitable, sustainable, and reflexively attuned research cultures.\n"]
    April 01, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70608   open full text
  • Exploring Azerbaijani Students' Engagement and Experience in Higher Education: Higher‐Order Thinking and Identity Development.
    Ulviyya Khalilova, Vafa Yunusova.
    European Journal of Education. April 01, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nOver three decades, Azerbaijan's higher education has transformed from a Soviet‐style education to a modern one, yet research on the influence of student engagement and experience on higher‐order thinking and identity development remains limited. This qualitative study investigates student engagement and experience and their influence on higher‐order thinking and identity development in higher education through the lenses of Weidman's socialisation model, Mezirow's transformative learning theory, and Tinto's three‐stage model of student departure. Through maximum‐variation sampling, 15 participants were recruited to conduct semi‐structured interviews, and the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. This case study identifies key barriers to higher‐order thinking and identity development, including inadequate course content and low‐quality materials, teacher‐centred approaches, and university extracurricular activities. The university environment impedes the effectiveness of students' intellectual and non‐intellectual socialisation, which results in accepting information at face value without question. Another factor contributing to low student engagement, influencing higher‐order thinking and identity development, is that faculty are less likely to be passionate about their course design and caring for building knowledge by using a variety of teaching strategies that may help students recognise the importance of information they receive within their context. Extracurricular activities fall short in broadening students' social circles, enabling them to discover new ideas, learn from their peers, and share mutual interests, which foster higher‐order thinking and identity development. The findings disclose that faculty expertise and performance in some universities may create a positive learning environment. Conversely, inadequate extracurricular activities compel students to seek opportunities beyond higher education, which reveals the problem in institutional support for student development.\n"]
    April 01, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70606   open full text
  • Adopting an Evidence‐Based Management Approach in Teaching: Perspectives, Barriers and Enablers Among Academics in Business and Management.
    Katarzyna Tracz‐Krupa, Vincent Cassar, Dorota Molek‐Winiarska, Zuzana Křečková, Frank Bezzina.
    European Journal of Education. March 30, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examines how business and management academics in Central Europe conceptualise and enact Evidence‐Based Management (EBM) in their teaching, the constraints shaping its pedagogical translation and the support needed to strengthen evidence‐informed education. Thirty academics from three HEIs in Prague, Zagreb and Opole completed a supervised, semi‐structured questionnaire. The findings show that academics' understandings of EBM frequently diverge from procedural, prescriptive‐based models and are enacted instead as selective and uneven forms of EBM literacy. Participants privilege case studies, qualitative research, organisational data and readily accessible sources over synthesis and experimental evidence. Time pressure, limited instructional materials and weak institutional embedding emerge as salient constraints, while curated resources, professional development, peer exchange and local‐language content act as key facilitators. By shifting attention from ideal‐type adoption to pedagogical enactment, the study advances a context‐sensitive account of EBM in management education and offers practical directions for strengthening evidence‐based teaching in post‐transition higher education systems.\n"]
    March 30, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70603   open full text
  • L2 Outsourcing: Chinese International Students' Generative AI Use as an Informal Digital English Practice in the UK.
    Lihang Guan, Mingyue Michelle Gu.
    European Journal of Education. March 30, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis research examines how Generative AI (GenAI) assists Chinese international students (ChISs) in the United Kingdom in achieving desired academic performance within the informal digital learning of English (IDLE) framework for overcoming language barriers. Furthermore, we adopt Pennycook's posthumanist approach for the discussion of ChISs' behavioural interaction with the objective materiality of GenAI. With focus group interviews with 20 voluntary ChISs, this study conducted thematic analysis with supporting dialogues excavated with conversational discourse analysis, which suggested that GenAI is a widely used and effective tool for ChISs to overcome language barriers in academic settings by delegating their language needs to GenAI technology. Drawing strength from research in GenAI‐mediated IDLE and under the framework of Pennycook's posthumanist approach, the discussion focuses on the authentic conduct and attitudes of students' low‐quality IDLE practices and identifies the second language outsourcing phenomenon explaining international students' choice of gaining better grades without improving their efforts. The phenomenon's potential prevalence and its implications for policy‐makers and English educators are also discussed.\n"]
    March 30, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70598   open full text
  • Strategic Conformity as Learning: The Socialisation of First‐Year Novice EFL Teachers in China.
    Rui Chen, Hao Xu.
    European Journal of Education. March 30, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nTeacher socialisation becomes a critical site of professional learning in China's educational contexts, marked by rigid accountability and rooted institutional norms. This study explores how first‐year EFL teachers in China navigate the tensions between personal perspectives and institutional norms, drawing on the concept of strategic conformity. A qualitative study design was adopted, with three first‐year EFL teachers in China involved as participants. Data were collected through individual interviews and triangulated with participants' social media posts and personal logs. Findings reveal that participants manifested strategic conformity as learning during first‐year socialisation. Rather than complying uniformly, they selectively integrated school norms to ease tensions, while agentically resisting practices incompatible with their pedagogical values. This dialectical process highlights socialisation not as passive assimilation, but as dynamic negotiation, where strategic conformity serves as an agentic means for novice teachers to navigate conflicting and challenging landscapes and mediate their professional growth.\n"]
    March 30, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70593   open full text
  • ‘To Understand or to Get Lost in the Flow?’ Nurse Educators' Experiences and Challenges in the Education of International Nursing Students in Türkiye: A Qualitative Study.
    Bahar Kuleyin, Semanur Baysiz, Süheda Ceylan.
    European Journal of Education. March 27, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study explores the educational experiences of international nursing students in Türkiye from the perspectives of nurse educators. Conducted with 12 academic nurse educators reached from all regions of Türkiye, the qualitative research used semi‐structured in‐depth interviews collected between September and November 2024. The data were analysed through content analysis in MAXQDA and reported in accordance with the COREQ checklist. Four key themes emerged: (1) challenges related to the teaching process, (2) problems affecting the educational process, (3) positive experiences, and (4) solutions and recommendations. Major challenges included language barriers, communication and adaptation difficulties, and time management issues, alongside academic, advisory, socio‐economic, and environmental factors. Educators also highlighted positive aspects such as mutual communication and language development, encouragement of international experience, positive attitudes, and intercultural understanding. The study underscores the need to strengthen language support, orientation and mentoring, and institutional strategies to enhance international students' adaptation and learning outcomes.\n"]
    March 27, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70595   open full text
  • The Relations Between Students' Perceived Classroom Management and Achievement Emotions in Mathematics Classrooms: The Control‐Value Theory Perspective.
    Xin Chen, Wei Xin.
    European Journal of Education. March 27, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examined the relation between classroom management and achievement emotions, as well as the mediating role of academic control and value based on control‐value theory. The data were analysed from 1759 secondary school students in 68 mathematics classrooms located in Jiangsu, China (Mage = 13.88, SDage = 0.84). The results of the mediation analysis confirmed the mediating roles of academic control and value in classroom management and achievement emotions. In detail, both kinds of classroom management showed positive relations with academic control and value. Instructional management has a more pronounced, positive association with positive emotions, whereas behaviour management has a more pronounced, negative association with negative emotions. In terms of indirect effects, behaviour management is primarily related to students' achievement emotions through academic value, whereas instructional management is primarily related to students' achievement emotions through academic control. The results suggest that utilising both instructional and behavioural management together is an effective approach. The limitations and implications are then discussed.\n"]
    March 27, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70601   open full text
  • Undermining Classroom Teaching? Teachers' Perspectives on the Impact of Private Tutoring on School Education in Sydney, Australia.
    Christina Ho.
    European Journal of Education. March 26, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe growth of private academic tutoring is having some profound effects on school education. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with primary school teachers in Sydney, Australia, this paper examines teacher perspectives on how classroom teaching is impacted when large proportions of students receive private tutoring. While students' advanced knowledge gained through tutoring can have benefits in classroom environments, most teachers in this research emphasised negative impacts, especially in relation to student disengagement in class and the fostering of overly instrumental and narrow approaches to learning. As such, the teachers saw private tutoring as undermining classroom teaching in many ways. Yet while the teachers were generally critical of private tutoring, they did not always understand or acknowledge the reasons for students' participation in tutoring. For many students these reasons were rooted in an anxiety to secure a competitive advantage in an increasingly marketized education system. Teachers had different priorities, especially in relation to fostering critical and holistic thinking, but were in many ways stymied by the narrow, test‐driven education system in which they worked. Their antipathy towards tutoring highlights the tensions between the stated values and goals of mainstream education, and the practical reality of competition and the test orientation that often preoccupies families and students.\n"]
    March 26, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70597   open full text
  • Internationalization Policy, Opportunities, and Digital Support for Higher Education: Perspectives on Ukraine.
    Oksana V. Ovcharuk, Svitlana Н. Lytvynova, Paola Pittia, Mariia P. Shyshkina, Yuliia H. Nosenko, Maiia V. Marienko, Alisa S. Sukhikh.
    European Journal of Education. March 24, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe article discusses the unique aspects of internationalization processes in Ukrainian educational institutions under the current martial law. The article aims to identify internationalization opportunities and challenges for the Ukrainian education and academic system and define the needs that can be addressed through digital support. To achieve this, the study employs a mixed‐methods approach, including the analysis of a survey regarding the use of digital tools by 94 Ukrainian educators and PhD students. The research is guided by the “Crisis‐Informed Digital Internationalization” (CIDI) conceptual framework to evaluate digital infrastructure and agency. During the research, it was discovered that internationalization today depends on the digitalisation of educational institutions and, therefore, opens new opportunities and prospects for creating conditions for students and teachers. The findings demonstrated that the most frequently used digital tools by students are Google Drive, Google Classroom, and Google Meet. Conversely, applications such as Zoom, Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint are utilized less frequently for routine tasks. Statistical analysis further revealed a strong correlation between self‐reported digital competence and the effective integration of AI tools for international research collaboration. Thus, based on the results obtained, the authors present their vision of digital support for internationalization processes in higher education institutions. The study implies that Ukrainian HEIs should prioritize virtual mobility and AI‐driven support to maintain global academic presence. The paper concludes that digital resilience serves as a foundational mechanism for maintaining academic continuity during geopolitical crises.\n"]
    March 24, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70589   open full text
  • Unveiling the Role of L2 Writing Feedback Engagement in ChatGPT‐Mediated Language Learning Environment: Teacher Support, L2 Motivation, and Emotions as Predictors.
    Weichen Wang, Minlin Minny Zou.
    European Journal of Education. March 23, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe integration of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) tools such as ChatGPT into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing instruction has emerged as a significant focus in pedagogical research. Studies on ChatGPT in EFL writing instruction have predominantly focused on examining its effectiveness in comparison with teacher feedback or peer feedback. However, there is a dearth of research on how EFL students' contextual factors (e.g., teacher support) interact with their motivational factors (e.g., L2 motivation) and affective emotions (e.g., foreign language enjoyment [FLE] and foreign language anxiety [FLA]) to influence their writing feedback engagement in ChatGPT‐mediated language learning environments. By integrating the self‐determination theory (SDT) and control‐value theory (CVT), this study conceptualises a novel pathway elucidating writing feedback engagement within this emerging environment. The study surveyed 269 Chinese tertiary EFL students and employed a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach to explore the relationships among the above‐mentioned variables. The findings revealed that teacher support exerted an indirect effect on students' engagement with ChatGPT‐mediated feedback through the mediating role of FLE. Students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivation directly and positively predicted writing feedback engagement. Their FLE and FLA played full mediating roles in the association between amotivation and writing feedback engagement. The present study highlights the continued applicability of SDT and CVT while assessing their explanatory scope in this novel writing context. Language teachers are advised to cultivate a learning environment characterised by autonomy support and psychological safety, thereby empowering learners to take ownership of the human‐GenAI interaction and ultimately sustaining their writing feedback engagement.\n"]
    March 23, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70584   open full text
  • The Process and Effectiveness of Strategic Planning in Higher Education: Evidence From Five European Countries.
    Maria Eliophotou Menon, Elizabeth Lintzerakou, Chara Georgiou, Dimitrios Vlachopoulos.
    European Journal of Education. March 23, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe paper aims at investigating the strategic planning process and its perceived effectiveness in universities based on evidence from five European countries (UK, Sweden, Greece, Cyprus and the Netherlands) and 10 higher education institutions. The investigation focused on the following: the characteristics of the strategic planning process; stakeholder involvement in strategic planning and their role in the process; and the major problems faced in relation to the effectiveness of strategic planning. The elements investigated relate to the process and effectiveness of strategic planning in an attempt to examine the development of strategy by higher education institutions and its perceived effectiveness. Qualitative research was used to collect data from academics and/or high‐ranking administrators with a role in the institutional strategic planning process. The data were subjected to thematic analysis. According to the findings, universities were more likely to subscribe to a top‐down model in strategic planning. Respondents drew attention to three categories of problems and/or limitations associated with the strategic planning process, namely, human resources/stakeholder problems, technical/content‐related problems, and external limitations and restrictions. The paper attempts to inform the higher education literature by providing evidence from five countries on an under‐investigated topic, i.e., the perceptions of higher education stakeholders regarding the process and effectiveness of strategic planning.\n"]
    March 23, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70585   open full text
  • Cultivating Intercultural and Entrepreneurial Competencies in Undergraduate Music Education: An Advanced Framework for Future‐Ready Instrumental and Vocal Pedagogy.
    Ma Bin.
    European Journal of Education. March 23, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis research addresses a series of critical questions around the need for dance educators of an interculturally informed and entrepreneurial kind who can effectively navigate global contexts. The traditional conservatoire methodology is still overly performance/examination focused and lacks structured approaches to train students to teach in diverse contexts. To address this gap, the study employed a qualitative action research methodology combined with a phenomenological approach to capture the lived experiences of students and teachers. A new undergraduate instrumental and vocal pedagogy curriculum was developed and evaluated, integrating intercultural and entrepreneurial competencies. Data were collected through reflective journals, group discussions and mentor observations over a 14‐week pilot. Thematic analysis revealed that 95% of participants demonstrated enhanced intercultural sensitivity and confidence in engaging with diverse repertoires, and 90% strengthened their sense of entrepreneurship by taking initiative in community projects and employing innovative teaching methodologies. Experimenting and all participants crafted reflective processes, adopting adaptable and pupil‐centred dispositions essential for future‐proof dance teachers. Unlike the traditional conservatoire models, it offers a flexible, reflective pathway to embed core competences throughout dance curricula, aligned with transformative learning theory and global employability criteria. Results illustrate how reflective, practice‐based curriculum design fosters entrepreneurial and culturally responsive pedagogical stances for dance teachers. Limitations include the study's focus on one institution and absence of long‐term follow‐up post‐graduation. Future research should explore scaling the implementation and integrating technology for enhanced intercultural competence.\n"]
    March 23, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70590   open full text
  • Back to Basics: Increasing Tiredness and Hunger in Nordic Classrooms and Their Links to Disorderly Behaviour and Academic Achievement.
    Anders Astrup Christensen, Shiri Lavy, Jacob Højgaard Christensen.
    European Journal of Education. March 23, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examines trends in self‐reported tiredness and hunger among 4th grade students in the Nordic countries between 2016 and 2023, using data from PIRLS and TIMSS. Results show a significant increase in the proportion of students who frequently arrive at school feeling tired or hungry, with tiredness reported by 38%–52% of students and hunger by 27%–30% in 2023. Multilevel analyses reveal that students who are often tired/hungry report significantly higher levels of disorderly behaviour than classroom peers in all cases. In most cases, we also find that the average levels of disorderly behaviour are higher in classrooms with higher proportions of students facing these challenges. Furthermore, tiredness and hunger are negatively related to achievement in reading, mathematics, and science. These findings underscore the importance of addressing basic needs such as sleep and nutrition—not only for individual well‐being and achievement, but for maintaining a supportive classroom environment.\n"]
    March 23, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70582   open full text
  • The Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on the Development of Students' Entrepreneurial Intentions and Competencies.
    Yingjun Sun, Rui Zhang, Kai Huang.
    European Journal of Education. March 19, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe objective of this article is to analyse the impact of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and competencies among students in China. The study involved 274 students enrolled in entrepreneurship programs in the fields of ‘Economics’ and ‘Management’ at three universities in China. Statistical testing methods, including the t‐test and discriminant analysis, were employed for the analysis. The results demonstrated that entrepreneurship education has a positive influence on the development of the entrepreneurial environment, self‐awareness, and competencies of students, thereby confirming the importance of adapting educational programs and supporting the proposed hypotheses. The findings revealed that the average score for the entrepreneurial environment was 5.74, whereas the score for the role of education in developing self‐awareness was 5.32, with numerous statistically significant differences (p‐value < 0.05) across various indicators. Furthermore, students' self‐assessment of their entrepreneurial competencies averaged 5.13, indicating a high level of confidence in their skills. Thus, the positive impact of entrepreneurship education on the development of change management competencies was identified. The effectiveness of the educational program in developing students' skills necessary for entrepreneurship was confirmed. Future research is planned to focus on the long‐term impact of entrepreneurship education, including tracking graduates' career trajectories and assessing how individual differences among students affect their business success, with results differentiated by gender and prior experience. Furthermore, it may be useful to study the influence of external factors, such as government support and the availability of startup infrastructure, on students' entrepreneurial intentions.\n"]
    March 19, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70539   open full text
  • Apprentices' Satisfaction With Dual VET in Spain: A Comparison of Students' Satisfaction With Two Dual VET Models.
    Sara Rodríguez‐Pérez, Daniel Barrientos‐Sánchez, Pilar Pineda‐Herrero.
    European Journal of Education. March 19, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nDual vocational training (dual VET) offers apprentices significant advantages, and their perspectives on its quality offer insights for improvement. This research aims to determine and compare apprentices' satisfaction with two dual VET models and identify factors influencing that satisfaction. A quantitative, cross‐sectoral methodology was used, employing an ad hoc instrument with 20 items divided into five categories: (1) sociodemographic data; (2) company‐apprentice relationship; (3) training process; (4) monitoring and evaluation; (5) general satisfaction and post‐VET continuity. Data were collected from 448 apprentices at all levels of dual VET (basic, intermediate, advanced): 71.2% completed the MFR model and 28.8% the LFNR model. Descriptive, inferential and Multiple Linear Regression Model (MLRM) analyses were performed. Satisfaction with both dual VET models was high. LFNR excelled in aspects related to tutors, training hours and company responsibilities, while MFR stood out for employability. The MLRM highlighted several factors affecting satisfaction, including training hours, adequacy, responsibility, resources, tutor satisfaction and communication between company and school tutors. Most of these variables displayed better results for the LFNR, which could explain why apprentices' training under this model obtained a higher degree of satisfaction with dual VET. Apprentices displayed a high satisfaction with dual VET, with 90% recommending it. Key factors included the expertise of tutors, formal structure regarding remuneration and communication and the stability of procedures and tasks. The results suggest that future research and policy making should aim to explore improvements and standardisation to enhance dual VET quality in Spain.\n"]
    March 19, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70580   open full text
  • Application of Virtual Reality Technologies for Correcting Speech Development Delays in Preschool Children.
    Aigul Akhmetova, Onal Abisheva, Nailya Ismailova, Irina Shakhmalova.
    European Journal of Education. March 19, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nSpeech development delays in early childhood remain a significant challenge that demands innovative approaches and effective rehabilitation methods. In the contemporary context, virtual reality technologies offer unique opportunities to address these delays, providing a personalised and accessible approach to rehabilitation. The objective of this study is to measure the effectiveness of virtual reality in overcoming speech development delays in preschool children and to evaluate potential methods for utilising such technologies. To achieve this goal, a testing method was employed. The research sample consisted of 100 preschool children (ages 5–7) with speech development delays. Each participant underwent standardised tests designed to assess their speech abilities. The findings indicate that the use of virtual reality technologies resulted in a substantial improvement in speech development among preschoolers. Specifically, the level of speech development increased from 45% to 65% and the number of words known to the children significantly grew, with vocabulary expanding from an average of 30 to 55 words following VR intervention. Regardless of gender, test results improved with the use of VR technologies, suggesting a positive impact on speech development for both boys and girls. Thus, the study confirms the effectiveness of virtual reality technologies in supporting children with speech development delays.\n"]
    March 19, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70523   open full text
  • Framing Sexuality Education: A Qualitative Content Analysis of External Actors in Parts of Austria (Carinthia, Burgenland and Styria).
    Gudrun Kern, Uwe K. Simon.
    European Journal of Education. March 19, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examines the content and thematic scope of sexuality education provided by external organisations in selected regions in the country under study. 67 resources including websites and workshop descriptions were analysed, coded and categorised into seven thematic clusters applying qualitative content analysis and a deductive‐inductive coding framework. The findings reveal which thematic areas are currently addressed by external sexuality education providers in a European country and whether they are in line with internationally recognised frameworks. This study highlights a strong emphasis on biological knowledge, emotional development, and sexual‐violence‐protective content. Core components of international frameworks, such as age‐appropriateness, reproductive health, and violence prevention, are well represented. However, some topics such as sexual autonomy and migration seem to be dealt with only marginally or not at all.\n"]
    March 19, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70579   open full text
  • AI‐Integrated Professional Development for Pre‐Service Teachers: A Systematic Review of Impacts on Pedagogical Strategies and Technological Self‐Efficacy.
    Sabika Khalid, Sadia Ifran, Xiao Huang, Endale Tadesse, Jiang Dainkun.
    European Journal of Education. March 16, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis systematic review brings together studies published from 2020 to 2025 to look at the nature, implementation, and impact of AI‐integrated PD in initial teacher education. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we analysed 11 peer‐reviewed studies that used quasi‐experimental, experimental, and mixed‐method designs across educational contexts in Asia, Europe, and North America. This review emphasises that effective AI‐based PD should go beyond just teaching technical skills; it should help develop adaptable, innovative, and ethically mindful teaching identities. The review concludes with recommendations for human‐centred and ethically informed AI literacy frameworks that present AI as a helpful teaching assistant, enhancing rather than replacing teachers' professional judgement and authority.\n"]
    March 16, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70547   open full text
  • ‘Abuse of Power Comes as no Surprise’? Sensemaking Around Power‐Abusive Behaviour in Creative Higher Education—A Qualitative Analysis.
    Marina Fischer, Susanne Veit, Pichit Buspavanich, Gertraud Stadler.
    European Journal of Education. March 16, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nPower asymmetries shape structures, culture and experiences within higher education, yet remain underexamined in creative disciplines. This study explores how abuse of power is perceived by stakeholders in creative higher education in Germany and Austria—students, equality officers, lecturers and senior professionals—through 16 in‐depth interviews. Using reflexive thematic analysis within a critical realist framework, we identify three core themes: ‘Lecturers' ambiguous position of power’, ‘Structures enabling abuse of power’ and ‘Self‐fulfilling industry narratives’. These themes reflect sometimes conflicting perceptions of abuse of power, captured through a sensemaking lens. Insights are mapped onto a nested ecological model to highlight systemic interdependencies. Our findings highlight how abuse of power undermines inclusive, equitable learning environments. We call for multi‐level institutional strategies to enhance transparency, safeguarding, and accountability. By addressing structural enablers of abuse, this study contributes to policy and academic debates on governance, prevention, and social justice in creative higher education.\n"]
    March 16, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70574   open full text
  • Beyond Tradition: Co‐Creative Critique Models as Catalysts for Independent Thinking in Chinese Art Education.
    Shuai Fu, Diankun Jiang, Endale Tadesse.
    European Journal of Education. March 16, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nIn 2021, China ranked second globally in the art market, after the United States, leading to an increase in students' enrolment and engagement in art‐related disciplines in Chinese higher education, driven by a desire to pursue their academic and professional goals. Under this premise, the limitations of art education for Chinese students are also more pronounced than those related to independent and critical thinking. The purpose of this research was to explore the potential for designing a discussion‐based student‐centred studio critique approach for fine art students in art universities in China. This mixed‐methods study, focusing on students currently enroled at the Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, one of China's leading art academies, identified an urgent need to develop more open teaching models to cultivate students' innovative thinking in fine art classes at Chinese universities. Practice recommendations include policy and management changes in course content and volume, teaching methods, and stakeholders' involvement.\n"]
    March 16, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70545   open full text
  • Instructor‐Driven GenAI Feedback as a Pathway to AI Literacy in Postsecondary Courses in China.
    Nadia Delanoy, Danni Chen.
    European Journal of Education. March 15, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nAs generative AI (GenAI) transforms post‐secondary education, this study explores instructor‐driven approaches to developing AI literacy within mandatory undergraduate language courses in China. Using a convergent mixed‐methods approach, we integrated quantitative survey data from 207 first‐year students with qualitative insights from interviews with 24 students and 6 instructors. Findings indicate that 78% of participants reported an enhanced learning experience, primarily valuing GenAI for immediate feedback and personalized guidance. Predominant uses included comprehension verification (85%) and formative assessment support (60%). Through a utility‐trust gap, students appreciated the accessibility and efficiency of GenAI feedback; however, they expressed reservations about its evaluative accuracy and the potential for over‐reliance. Qualitative analysis further identifies a comfort–agency paradox, whereby increased confidence and reduced anxiety did not automatically translate into strengthened autonomous judgement. Within the ecosystem of AI use, instructor‐driven feedback was valuable for students beyond what GenAI could provide. This study advances an ecological understanding of AI literacy as a negotiated and contextually mediated practice rather than a byproduct of tool exposure. The findings provide empirical guidance for designing instructor‐driven AI literacy initiatives that balance human expertise with generative technologies in assessment‐focused language education.\n"]
    March 15, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70578   open full text
  • Psychometric Properties of Measures to Assess Pre‐School Children's Literacy and Mathematics Developmental Skills.
    Chuang Wang, Qiao Liu, Richard Lambert.
    European Journal of Education. March 15, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examined the psychometric properties of two new assessment measures, which consist of developmental progressions of pre‐school children in literacy skills and mathematics skills respectively. Researchers gathered data to measure the extent of children's engagement with an educational gaming system and the skill levels they attained within the system. Additionally, teachers rated the children's developmental status using rating scales focused on literacy and mathematics skills. Rasch analysis was employed to examine the unidimensionality, item difficulty, reliability, and rating scale category effectiveness of the items. The initial reliability and validity statistics offer evidence that supports the usefulness of the information the measures can provide as a source of indicators of child developmental status from the perspective of teachers.\n"]
    March 15, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70581   open full text
  • Students' Perception of Generative AI‐Assisted Collaborative Argumentation.
    Jinhee Kim, Seongryeong Yu, Rita Detrick, Liangjie Fan, Na Li.
    European Journal of Education. March 13, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe rapid scaling of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) technology presents opportunities for personalised learning experiences and facilitates collaborative learning, including collaborative argumentation (CA). However, empirical research examining students' perceptions of GenAI‐assisted CA within classroom contexts remains limited. This study explored university students' experiences with GenAI‐assisted CA through in‐depth interviews with 36 students following a CA activity using a ChatGPT4‐embedded argumentation platform developed by the research team. Findings indicate that students viewed GenAI as serving multiple roles, including tool, facilitator, teaching assistant and machine buddy. Students perceived that GenAI‐assisted CA could empower task performance and create a collaborative learning environment. Meanwhile, they found three challenges, including students'‐, AI‐ and learning environment‐related challenges during GenAI‐assisted CA. These findings offer evidence‐based strategies for educators seeking to integrate GenAI into the design of collaborative learning activities and guidelines for developers on the design of pedagogical AI for creating student‐centered GenAI‐powered collaborative learning.\n"]
    March 13, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70576   open full text
  • Predicting Flow State and Learning Engagement in GAI‐Powered Virtual Influencer‐Mediated Informal Foreign Language Learning.
    Lujie Huang, Ming Liu.
    European Journal of Education. March 13, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examines the role of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI)‐powered virtual influencers in enhancing foreign language learning engagement within informal digital environments in China. Drawing on the Hedonic‐Motivation System Adoption Model, we develop and test a theoretical framework that incorporates perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, joy, perceived behavioural control, parasocial relationships and flow state. Using structural equation modelling to analyse survey data from 368 Chinese college English learners engaged with GAI‐powered virtual influencers on Bilibili, our findings demonstrate that perceived behavioural control emerges as the most significant predictor of both flow state (β = 0.342, p < 0.01) and learning engagement (β = 0.524, p < 0.001), as well as the importance of perceived ease of use. The study reveals that parasocial relationships (β = 0.177, p < 0.01) and joy (β = 0.155, p < 0.01) also significantly contribute to engagement levels. These results advance our understanding of technology‐mediated foreign language learning by highlighting the unique mechanisms through which GAI‐driven virtual influencers facilitate learning in informal settings. The research provides practical implications for designing educational technologies that effectively combine entertainment and pedagogical value to optimise learner engagement.\n"]
    March 13, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70575   open full text
  • Between the Teacher's Heart and the Student's Mind: The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Social Skills in Primary School.
    Ogün Çakır.
    European Journal of Education. March 12, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis exploratory study investigates the association between Turkish primary school teachers' emotional intelligence (EI) and students' social skills (SS). Data were collected from 12 teachers and 321 students and analysed using a multilevel linear mixed‐effects model to account for students nested within classrooms. Teachers' total EI scores were positively associated with students' SS scores (B = 0.079, p = 0.006), indicating a modest effect. The findings provide initial multilevel evidence from Turkey and suggest that EI‐focused professional learning may be relevant for supporting students' social functioning in primary school. Given the small number of classrooms/teachers (Level 2, n = 12), the evidence should be interpreted as exploratory and warrants replication with larger, more diverse teacher samples. The study contributes novel multilevel evidence and may inform the integration of EI‐focused components into teacher education and professional development in Turkey.\n"]
    March 12, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70577   open full text
  • How Supervisor–Student Interactions Matter for Leadership Education: Insights From the ‘Shimen’ Ecosystem.
    Youmin Xi, Na Li, Guang Yang, Xiaojun Zhang.
    European Journal of Education. March 12, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nLeadership education in higher education has been extensively studied; however, the long‐term influence of the supervisor–student interactions in shaping leadership development remains insufficiently understood, particularly within non‐Western academic contexts. To address this gap, the current study investigates how leadership development is cultivated through shīmén, a traditional Chinese academic supervision network, and proposes a leadership education model grounded in this relational structure. Employing a mixed‐methods approach, the research integrates longitudinal textual analysis of supervisor–student interactions (1986–2025), interviews with leaders across industries, observation data, and survey responses to capture both process and outcomes of leadership development. The findings identify vision, culture, and emotion as the core dimensions through which shīmén influences leadership formation. Building on HeXie management theory and institutional theory, the study develops a shīmén‐based leadership model comprising four developmental stages: sense‐making, habituation, objectification, and internalisation. Results highlight the critical roles of informal organisational structures, mentorship, and adaptive practices, as well as culture attributes such as independent thinking, responsibility, inclusivity, and practicality. This study advances understanding of leadership education by demonstrating how traditional academic supervision networks can foster culturally grounded, adaptive, and responsible leaders, offering practical implications and theoretical insights for leadership education in the digital era.\n"]
    March 12, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70573   open full text
  • Understanding Student Teachers' Foreign Language Teaching Anxiety and Boredom in Authentic School Settings: A Mixed‐Methods Approach.
    Yinxing Jin, Yan Jiang, Qing Wei.
    European Journal of Education. March 11, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nStudent teachers' emotional experiences during practicum play a critical role in their teacher identity formation and future career development. This mixed‐methods study investigated the relationships between foreign language teaching anxiety, teaching boredom and work engagement, as well as the antecedents of these emotions. A total of 279 student teachers from two Chinese normal universities, which train teachers for primary and secondary schools, participated in the study. Correlation analyses revealed that teaching anxiety and boredom were positively associated and both were negatively correlated with work engagement. Regression analyses indicated that teaching boredom, but not anxiety, significantly predicted work engagement. Qualitative analysis of open‐ended responses identified work‐related, teacher‐related, student‐related and social factors as the primary antecedents of teaching anxiety, while teaching boredom was found to be primarily underpinned by work‐, teacher‐ and student‐related factors. Specifically, work‐related factors were the main contributors to teaching boredom, whereas teacher‐related factors were more salient for teaching anxiety. These findings have important implications for language teacher education practices.\n"]
    March 11, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70572   open full text
  • Exploring the Role of AI in Shaping L2 Teachers' Affective Dispositions and Task‐Based Language Teaching Implementation: A Scale‐Based Study.
    Mahmoud Abdi Tabari, Zhiyun Huang.
    European Journal of Education. March 11, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examined how Chinese EFL teachers' teaching enjoyment, teaching efficacy, and AI integration (particularly ChatGPT) relate to task‐based language teaching (TBLT) implementation. Survey data were collected from 360 teachers reporting the use of the TBLT approach. Ordinary least squares regressions with HC3 robust standard errors yielded three key findings. First, teaching enjoyment and AI integration independently predicted TBLT adoption, with personal enjoyment and AI‐related enjoyment emerging as the strongest affective dimensions. Second, teaching efficacy and AI integration were positively associated with learner‐centred, TBLT‐informed practices; follow‐up analyses suggested that efficacy, especially engagement‐related efficacy, was more strongly linked to practice at moderate and higher levels of AI integration. Third, AI integration was positively associated with teachers' confidence in implementing TBLT, though modestly, and this relationship was moderated by training: AI use predicted higher confidence among teachers with formal TBLT training but lower confidence among those uncertain about their training. Overall, the findings indicate that AI integration supports TBLT implementation in ways that depend on teachers' pedagogical preparation, underscoring the need for sustained professional development to promote principled AI use in language classrooms.\n"]
    March 11, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70566   open full text
  • ‘I've Got to Do This I've Just Got to Find My Way Through It!’: An Autoethnographic Case Study of Mature Working‐Class Students Studying on a Foundation Programme.
    Jennifer Laura Worsley, Gurpinder Singh Lalli.
    European Journal of Education. March 10, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis paper shines a light on the influence of policy surrounding widening participation and the introduction of vocational qualifications and the increase in the number of mature part‐time students in higher education. This study involved adopting autoethnographic approaches and developing five biographical stories of part‐time mature, working‐class women on a Foundation Degree programme in England and its influence on self‐identity. Drawing upon a transformative model of Bourdieu's concept of habitus, this enquiry highlights how, through the adoption of coping mechanisms, examples of adaptations to habitus are revealed. The biographical stories provide insights into how the participants negotiate perceived structural inequalities in institutional culture to become independent resilient agents. The study concludes that a more inclusive pedagogy needs to be explored to consider the vocational capital mature students can potentially acquire when entering higher education.\n"]
    March 10, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70571   open full text
  • Assessing Ethnic Prejudice Moral Disengagement and Intercultural Sensitivity in Middle Childhood: Development and Pilot Use of an AI‐Supported Narrative Instrument.
    Efthymia Penderi, George Zografos, Lefteris Moussiades, Antonis Sapountzis.
    European Journal of Education. March 10, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nMiddle childhood represents a crucial developmental stage in which ethnic biases often emerge and solidify, potentially leading to peer exclusion or harassment. Recent research highlights the role of moral disengagement in ethnic‐related harassment and identifies intercultural competences as crucial for counteracting prejudicial peer behaviours. However, studies examining the interplay of these constructs in elementary school children remain scarce. A developmentally appropriate, AI‐supported instrument was designed to assess ethnic prejudice, moral disengagement, and intercultural sensitivity among children aged 9–12 years. One‐shot prompting technique was applied, using a previously validated scenario‐based task with experts' instructions guiding the LLM's behaviour explicitly, to achieve clarity and focus. The instrument was piloted with 232 students. Participants generally perceived the task as engaging and thought‐provoking, reporting self‐reflection about their interactions with culturally diverse peers. Beyond its research utility, the tool holds promise as a sociopedagogical resource to foster intercultural understanding and inclusive teaching practices in elementary education.\n"]
    March 10, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70560   open full text
  • Validation Study of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System – Secondary in the Norwegian Upper Secondary School Context.
    Maren Stahl Lerang, Tuomo E. Virtanen, Eija Pakarinen, Marja‐Kristiina Lerkkanen, Ann Kristin Kolstø‐Johansen.
    European Journal of Education. March 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe Classroom Assessment Scoring System–Secondary (CLASS‐S) is a widely used observation instrument. However, it is important to gain knowledge whether the instrument is applicable in its specific context. This study investigates the applicability of the CLASS‐S in Norwegian upper secondary schools. The sample included 95 upper secondary school teachers and their classes from two counties and 12 different schools, including both academic and vocational track classrooms (1342 students). During one school year, the teachers video‐recorded their teaching seven times; these videos were scored by certified raters of the CLASS‐S. Given the nested data, two‐level models were tested. Results supported the original three‐factor structure of the CLASS‐S (emotional support, classroom organisation, and instructional support) when the instructional learning formats dimension was modelled exclusively at the between‐level. Reliability tests revealed good overall item, scale, and interrater reliability values. Some evidence was found between emotional support, classroom organisation, and instructional support, and study track and teacher characteristics. The current study supports the applicability of the CLASS‐S in upper secondary schools in Norway.\n"]
    March 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70522   open full text
  • Reverse Student Mobility to the Global South and the Decolonisation of International Education: Australian Students' Learning and Regional Engagement in the Indo‐Pacific.
    Ly Thi Tran, Trang Thuy Le.
    European Journal of Education. March 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nInternational education practices and trends, particularly student mobility, remain largely shaped by Global North perspectives. Although scholars have repeatedly called for the dismantling of Western dominance and supremacy in international education, there is still limited understanding of how this can be achieved and what the decolonising impacts might be. This article examines how reverse student mobility from the Global North (Australia) to the Global South (the Indo‐Pacific), as facilitated by the New Colombo Plan (NCP), can shift students' perceptions of the Global South, strengthen Indo‐Pacific capabilities and deepen regional engagement. At the same time, the findings indicate that some Australian students in the Indo‐Pacific face intersecting challenges, including language barriers, gendered violence, discrimination and institutional protection neglect, that can constrain capability development and, in extreme cases, undermine or reverse the intended benefits of regional mobility. It highlights how students' agency, shaped through direct interaction and relational experiences in diverse socio‐cultural contexts in the Global South, is central to initiating broader systemic change. Drawing on empirical data, the article elucidates how structured experiences in the Global South not only challenge post‐colonial knowledge hierarchies at the individual level but also contribute to rethinking decolonial practices and expanding intercultural engagement.\n"]
    March 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70510   open full text
  • Favourable Outcomes, Challenges and Discipline‐Specific Implications of Teacher Scaffolding in Chinese University Music Classes: A Qualitative Study.
    Peiwen Li, Yunsong Wang.
    European Journal of Education. March 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nScaffolding, a core form of teacher interpersonal behaviour, is widely linked to improved classroom interaction and teacher‐student relationships in education research. However, its application in Chinese university music classes remains underexplored. To address this gap, this qualitative study examined 22 Chinese university music teachers' perceptions of scaffolding, focusing on its favourable outcomes and practical challenges. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews and narrative frames and were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that scaffolding was perceived to enhance learners' autonomy, collaboration, motivation, disciplinary knowledge acquisition, creativity and classroom supportiveness; teachers also noted challenges related to meeting diverse learner needs, building scaffolding‐specific professional knowledge and adjusting support timing. By highlighting the discipline‐specific features of music learning, this study extends scaffolding research beyond general subject areas and offers targeted implications for university music teacher development.\n"]
    March 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70568   open full text
  • We Set the Policies but Find Your Way Out: Teachers' and Students' Perspectives on Using Inclusive Curricula and Pedagogies in Cross‐Disciplinary Classrooms.
    David Kyei‐Nuamah, Ziyue Ma, Lisha Chen, Zhengmei Peng.
    European Journal of Education. March 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nHigher education institutions are increasingly promoting cross‐disciplinary learning between the natural sciences and humanities. Several institutions have enacted policies that allow students to choose courses across disciplines to meet diversity objectives and graduation requirements. This study explores how these policies are implemented in classrooms, focusing on teachers' incorporation of inclusive curricula and pedagogy and on students' perceptions of these classes. Using qualitative methods and data from 53 participants, the study uncovers a policy paradox: a disconnect between policy goals and their real‐world classroom application. We found that university teachers often struggle to implement inclusive curricula and pedagogy in their cross‐disciplinary classrooms. Additionally, universities have not adequately prepared or trained these educators to address learners' diverse needs. As a result, few instructors respond promptly to students' backgrounds or needs during classes. Consequently, some students find the classes unengaging because the class content is challenging or they take courses merely to earn credits for graduation. We recommend that universities promote deliberate learning innovation in these diverse classrooms by providing faculty training to develop inclusive curricula and pedagogies aligned with policy objectives.\n"]
    March 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70570   open full text
  • How Confucian Traditional Culture Influences Preschool Teachers' Professional Growth Through Technology Usage Intention and Technology Pressure.
    Xuezhen Feng, Enwei Xu.
    European Journal of Education. March 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe professional development of preschool teachers is a core element and key issue in ensuring the quality of preschool education and achieving educational equity. This study explores the impact of preschool teachers' Confucian cultural perception on their professional growth, as well as the chain mediating effects of technology usage intention and technology pressure in this relationship. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect valid data from 406 teachers in 38 inclusive kindergartens. The results show that preschool teachers' Confucian cultural perception significantly positively promotes professional growth. Technology usage intention serves as a mediating variable between Confucian cultural perception and professional growth, while technology pressure also acts as a mediating variable between Confucian cultural perception and preschool teachers' professional growth. Moreover, technology usage intention and technology pressure together play a chain mediating role in the relationship between Confucian cultural perception and professional growth.\n"]
    March 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70567   open full text
  • Perceived Principal Leadership and Work Engagement Among Chinese Primary School Teachers: The Roles of Occupational Stress and Job Crafting.
    Siyao Chen, Zhengli Xie.
    European Journal of Education. March 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nBased on the job demands‐resources model, this study examined the effect of perceived principal leadership on primary school teachers' work engagement, and the mediating roles of occupational stress and job crafting in this relationship. Five hundred and fifteen Chinese primary school teachers completed a demographic form and responded to five self‐report measures. Structural equation modelling results showed that transformational and transactional leadership positively predicted vigour, dedication, and absorption. Results also indicated that role ambiguity and psychological strain mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and vigour, dedication, and absorption. Role overload and role ambiguity mediated the effects of transactional leadership on vigour, dedication, and absorption. Task crafting, skill crafting, and role crafting mediated the effects of transformational and transactional leadership on the three work engagement scales. Occupational stress (role overload, role ambiguity, and psychological strain) and job crafting (task crafting, skill crafting, and role crafting) serially mediated the effects of leadership (transformational and transactional) on the three work engagement scales. The findings enrich the literature and provide practical implications for primary school education.\n"]
    March 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70426   open full text
  • Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a Pedagogical Tool for Second Language Development Among Bedouin Arab Female Students in Israel.
    Aref Abu‐Gweder.
    European Journal of Education. March 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThe introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in its contemporary form has prompted significant changes in teaching methodologies across educational institutions, spanning both primary and higher education. These changes include the integration of ICT applications into the academic culture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of AI in supporting students who use a second language in higher education. This evaluation is conducted through a case study focusing on the course ‘Approaches to Teaching Hebrew as a Second Language’, designed for Arab‐Bedouin female students in Israel. The study examines the impact of AI tools on the students' written and oral expression in Hebrew, their second language. Employing the method of self‐reflection, a form of action research, the study centres on the experiences of teachers and teacher trainees. The analysis draws on three data sources: written assignments submitted by the students, oral presentations of academic articles delivered in Hebrew, and reflective insights provided by the students at the end of the course. The findings reveal that in both contexts–written and oral expression–the use of AI proved effective. AI tools enhanced the quality of the students' written projects, which focused on research topics, and improved their oral presentation skills.\n"]
    March 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70554   open full text
  • Influence of Teachers' Perceptions and Socioeconomic Factors on Climate‐Responsive 4‐K Club Activities Implementation in South Eastern Kenya.
    Robert Kyalo Ndambuki, Miriam N. Kyule, Jacob J. J. O. Konyango, Collins M. Musafiri.
    European Journal of Education. March 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nClimate extremes such as rising temperatures, erratic rainfall and frequent droughts pose significant threats to agriculture‐dependent communities in Kenya. Education plays a crucial role in equipping learners, ‘our future climate stewards,’ with the necessary knowledge and skills to respond to these environmental changes. The 4‐K Club, a school‐based initiative focusing on practical agricultural and environmental learning, serves as a platform for promoting climate‐resilient education. This study examines how teachers' perceptions and socioeconomic factors influence the implementation of climate‐responsive 4‐K Club activities in Junior schools in Makueni County. Data from 108 teachers were analysed using an ordered probit model. The implementation of 4‐K Club activities ranged from 13.0% to 29.6%, reflecting a low level of activity. The study found that gender, education level and teachers' perceptions of digital literacy competency negatively influenced implementation intensity (β = −0.906, p = 0.015 for gender, β = −0.926, p = 0.016 for education level). In contrast, the presence of an active 4‐K Club and teachers' perceptions of critical thinking and problem‐solving competencies were associated with higher implementation intensity (β = 5.051, p < 0.001 for active 4‐K Club). These findings underscore the importance of targeted teacher training, enhanced digital infrastructure, and institutional support in strengthening 4‐K Club–based climate education within Kenya's Competency‐Based Education (CBE). This study contributes valuable insights for enhancing teacher preparedness and informing policy frameworks aimed at integrating climate literacy and sustainable practices into school programs, offering lessons for climate education reform in similar developing contexts.\n"]
    March 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70562   open full text
  • College Environment and Learning Gains of Chinese Undergraduate Students: Addressing Disparities Between Ethnic Minority and Non‐Minority Students.
    Hua Bai, Hongxia Liu, Hongping Liu.
    European Journal of Education. March 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nRecent reforms to China's college admission policies have increased access to higher education for ethnic minority students. However, these students frequently encounter distinct challenges stemming from their cultural backgrounds, language proficiency, and prior educational experiences. This study focuses on the achievement gap between ethnic minority and non‐minority students within the Chinese higher education system. By analysing data from 19,637 undergraduates across 37 universities, this study used the Chinese version of the College Student Experiences Questionnaire to examine the influence of college environment on student learning gains and to determine whether the mediating effects of academic and social activities varied across ethnic groups. The structural equation modelling results suggested that: (1) a positive association existed between college environment and learning gains for both ethnic minority and non‐minority students; (2) both academic and social activities partially mediated this relationship; and (3) the impact of social activities on learning gains was significantly less pronounced for ethnic minority students, thereby revealing a critical disparity. This study underscores the important role of college environment in fostering student learning and emphasises the necessity of tailored support mechanisms designed to address the unique challenges experienced by ethnic minority students.\n"]
    March 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70515   open full text
  • Digital Pedagogies in Music Education: Exploring Technology‐Mediated Strategies for Creative Skill Development.
    Kun Liu.
    European Journal of Education. March 09, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nInteractive technologies offer a novel, innovative and exceptional way to structure students' learning experiences. Today, individuals are expected to possess attributes such as creative problem‐solving, the ability to navigate complex situations, teamwork, decision‐making and a strong sense of responsibility, all while proficiently utilising modern digital tools. This research aims to design an interactive online music education course and assess the influence of digital technologies on students' creative thinking abilities. The experimental study was conducted at a music school in China, using a questionnaire survey to collect data. The sample consisted of two music educators and 100 first‐year students enrolled in the newly developed online programme. Students participated in interviews both before and after the course. The findings indicate significant enhancements in students' creative thinking post‐course. Future research should explore effective e‐learning strategies, tools and activities to refine teaching methodologies in music education.\n"]
    March 09, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70548   open full text
  • Unpacking Teacher and Parent Involvement Patterns: Associations With Students' Cognitive, Emotional and Behavioural Homework Engagement.
    Shenghua Huang, Miaoting Cheng, Yabing Wang.
    European Journal of Education. March 05, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nWhile teachers and parents are both pivotal in shaping students' academic development, a pattern‐centred understanding of how the school and family microsystems operate differently within the homework mesosystem remains underdeveloped. To address this gap, this study employed a latent profile analysis to identify distinct patterns of teacher and parent homework involvement among Chinese students (N = 2110; 49.20% female; aged 9–16). The analysis revealed four profiles of teacher involvement and three profiles of parent involvement. We further investigated how these profiles were associated with a range of student outcomes, including homework management, emotions, effort and academic performance. The findings underscore the value of examining nuanced patterns of adult involvement and their distinct implications for students' cognitive, emotional and behavioural engagement with homework.\n"]
    March 05, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70564   open full text
  • Constructing the GenAI Literacy Model for Pre‐Service Second Language Teachers: A Behavioural Event Interview Approach.
    Hanwei Wu, Jiacheng Zhang.
    European Journal of Education. March 03, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nAlthough generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) literacy models have recently emerged in the field of second language (L2) teaching, most of them adopt a top‐down approach by modifying existing frameworks, such as digital literacy models. As a result, these models may not fully capture the contextually grounded competencies needed for effective L2 teaching. Furthermore, many of these models are designed for in‐service L2 teachers, leaving pre‐service teachers largely unaddressed. To fill this gap, this study utilised the Behavioural Event Interview (BEI) to analyse the GenAI literacy of 20 pre‐service L2 teachers from universities in China, who were divided into two groups: 10 high‐performing and 10 average‐performing participants. Using MAXQDA 2022 for data analysis, 18 key GenAI literacy attributes were identified. An independent t‐test conducted with SPSS 26 revealed that nine of these attributes were discriminative (i.e., Agency, Developmental Motivation, Resilience, Prompt Design, Multiple‐tool Integration, Classroom Interaction, Personalised Teaching, Reflective Practice, and Collaborative Innovation), distinguishing high performers from average ones. The remaining attributes were categorised as benchmark competencies (i.e., Value Cognition, Characteristic Cognition, Basic Operations, Resource Preparation, Interdisciplinary Goal Integration, Content Evaluation, Homework Grading, Ethics, and Emotional Care), which are essential for all pre‐service L2 teachers. Based on McClelland's Iceberg Model, these attributes were further organised into four dimensions: Knowledge, Skills, Traits, and Motives. Finally, we discuss the implications of our model and provides directions for future research in GenAI literacy for pre‐service L2 teachers.\n"]
    March 03, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70555   open full text
  • The Effect of Research‐Based Learning on Self‐Efficacy in Reviewing the State of Research, Methodological Skills, and Scientific Communication.
    Menşure Alkış Küçükaydın.
    European Journal of Education. March 03, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nUsing research‐based learning (RBL) in pre‐service teacher education is important for professional and academic development. Moreover, RBL offers profound opportunities for pre‐service teachers to be involved in an actual research process. This can contribute to the development of pre‐service teachers' research competencies and strengthen scientific communication. However, there is a lack of experimental interventions in the literature examining the effects of integrating RBL into undergraduate course content on pre‐service teachers' research skills and self‐efficacy in scientific communication. The current study aims to explore the effectiveness of RBL integration in a research course process. In this context, the impact of the experimental intervention on participants' review of the research situation, their self‐efficacy in methodological skills and scientific communication, and the relationships between these factors was examined. There were 134 pre‐service teachers in the experimental group and 136 in the control group. The implementation process lasted 12 weeks. Partial Least Squares‐Structural Equation Modelling (PLS‐SEM) and Multiple Group Analysis (MGA) were applied to the measurements made at T0 before and T1 after the experiment. The results showed that the RBL intervention contributed to developing methodological skills and self‐efficacy in scientific communication. At this point, practical implications for the implementation of RBL were made.\n"]
    March 03, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70557   open full text
  • Thong Dong/Tenang Pedagogy: A Dialogue From Global South Scholars in Nurturing Teacher Well‐Being Beyond Classrooms.
    Lien Thi Phuong Le, Giang Thi Phi Huong Dang, Euis Kurniati, Nam Minh Nguyen, Ethan Trinh.
    European Journal of Education. March 03, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nTeacher well‐being (TWB) is not just an individual responsibility, but a shared ecological responsibility where individuals live in unity. However, under the increasing pressures and workloads, well‐being seems to be a luxury and self‐care probably is the last option for Giáo đa đoan kiệt quệ (burnout‐multifaceted teacher). The term thong dong/tenang emerge naturally from our conversations about education and is grounded in our teaching practices. Despite our teaching and research backgrounds (i.e., Vietnam, Indonesia and the U.S.), we share the same concern about the teacher's burnout across the globe. In this turbulent time, we are pondering how we can regenerate the thong dong/tenang pedagogy toward our daily journey as multifaceted teachers working in the Global South. Using memory‐rewriting and dialogic autoethnography, our narratives braided together as we moved back and forth to explore what the thong dong/tenang pedagogy means and looks like so that we can work toward healing our own selves in the teaching and research journeys.\n"]
    March 03, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70550   open full text
  • Negotiating Global Citizenship and Nationalism: Shifting Paradigms in Hong Kong's Global Citizenship Education.
    Jason Cong Lin.
    European Journal of Education. March 03, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis conceptual paper critically examines the evolving interplay between global citizenship and nationalism in Hong Kong's global citizenship education. Drawing on critical analysis of existing literature and recent socio‐political and educational changes in Hong Kong, it traces the shift from a Western‐oriented global citizenship—characterised by neoliberalism, global competitiveness and limited national affiliation—to a form of global citizenship aligned with Chinese characteristics, foregrounding national identity, Chinese cultural heritage and the interests of the Chinese government. This transformation, accelerated since 2020 under the National Security Law, raises critical questions about the marginalisation of local voices and the potential instrumentalization of global citizenship to justify nationalism. The analysis indicates that while Hong Kong's education system increasingly prioritises national over global perspectives, genuine global citizenship with Hong Kong's unique characteristics remains elusive. The paper recommends greater balance in curriculum design, teacher development, assessment and stakeholder engagement to support a more inclusive and context‐sensitive vision of global citizenship education in Hong Kong.\n"]
    March 03, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70553   open full text
  • Teacher Influence on Positive Language Education and Language Learner Engagement.
    Xiaomei Sun.
    European Journal of Education. March 03, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nIn order to contribute to the scholarship on language learner engagement and positive language education, this study examines a secondary English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching context. Three perspectives were considered in data collection: an EFL teacher's introspective and reflective perspective, EFL learners' participant perspective (n = 80), and fellow teachers' observant perspective (n = 4). Data were collected from semi‐structured interviews with teacher and student participants, students' letters, teaching materials, and students' works. The first stage of data analysis drew on established theoretical models of well being and student engagement, followed by a second stage of thematic analysis. Key findings have been translated into a PPAC model—a positive language education framework, consisting of passion for teaching and emotional scaffolding, personality and methodology, affective initiation, and continuous self‐improvement. Findings regarding language learner engagement shed light on how teacher engagement and specific teaching methodologies and strategies could influence learner engagement.\n"]
    March 03, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70544   open full text
  • Curriculum Literacy and Job Satisfaction Among Teachers: A Mediated‐Moderated Model of Psychological Well‐Being, Self‐Efficacy, and Gender.
    Serkan Aslan.
    European Journal of Education. March 03, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examines the relationships between teachers' curriculum literacy and their job satisfaction, focusing on the mediating roles of psychological well‐being and self‐efficacy, as well as the moderating role of gender. Grounded in the Job Demands–Resources (JD‐R) framework, curriculum literacy is conceptualised as a cognitive resource that may enhance teachers' ability to manage professional demands. Data were collected in 2025 from a sample of 401 public school teachers in Isparta, Türkiye, using simple random sampling. Bayesian structural equation modelling indicated that curriculum literacy was not directly associated with job satisfaction, but it was indirectly related through psychological well‐being and self‐efficacy. These findings align with the motivational process of the JD‐R model, highlighting the role of internal psychological resources as key mechanisms through which professional competencies translate into occupational satisfaction. Curriculum literacy also showed significant positive associations with both psychological well‐being and self‐efficacy, underscoring its importance in sustaining teachers' resilience and professional competence. Gender was tested as a moderator, but no significant interactions were found, suggesting that cognitive and emotional resources may be more influential than demographic attributes in shaping teacher motivation. Overall, the study provides novel evidence that strengthening curriculum literacy through professional development initiatives can enhance teacher well‐being and job satisfaction, with practical implications for educational policymakers and teacher training institutions.\n"]
    March 03, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70552   open full text
  • Digital Transformation and Green Agricultural Skills: A Cross‐Case Policy Analysis of Cost‐Effective Competence Development.
    Yang Liu, Yuanzhu Wang, Hanghang Cui, Liying Zhang.
    European Journal of Education. February 26, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nAgriculture is undergoing a simultaneous green and digital transition that is reshaping the competences required of its workforce. Yet research and policy debates have paid limited attention to how agricultural education systems can realign their structures, curricula, and governance arrangements to support these emerging hybrid skill demands. This article contributes to this gap through a comparative policy analysis of the Netherlands, Denmark, and Finland—three systems that have advanced distinct yet complementary approaches to developing digital–green competences under resource and institutional constraints. The analysis identifies three enabling mechanisms that span these systems: the integration of agricultural education within broader innovation networks, the aggregation of pedagogical and technological resources into functional competence centres, and the use of system‐level roadmaps and modular qualifications to coordinate ongoing reform. These mechanisms are then interpreted through the case of Hainan University, a leading institution positioned within China's tropical agricultural innovation ecosystem. Drawing on its research platforms, cross‐disciplinary engineering strengths, and field‐based Science and Technology Backyards, the paper demonstrates how international insights can be translated—not replicated—to build a context‐sensitive digital–green agricultural skills ecosystem. Conceptually, the study reframes agricultural digital–green skills as a systemic challenge requiring institutional alignment rather than technological adoption alone. Practically, it offers a design‐oriented framework for supporting agricultural skills reforms in regions undergoing ecological and technological transformation. The article concludes by outlining implications for Chinese policy and for future comparative research on agricultural skills governance.\n"]
    February 26, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70537   open full text
  • Is Interdisciplinary Research More Conducive to Knowledge Innovation? Evidence From Swiss National Science Foundation Projects.
    Qing Wu, Zhijing Wu, Wanhao Zhang, Wenke Wang.
    European Journal of Education. February 26, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nInterdisciplinarity is often cast as a normative route to both scientific and societal impact, yet its ‘returns’ remain persistently contested. A key reason is empirical identification: prior work frequently collapses thematic breadth (what problems and concepts a project spans) and cognitive distance (how far collaborators are separated in disciplinary training) into a single interdisciplinarity signal, while simultaneously absorbing differences in team organisation into the same measure. Estimated effects therefore conflate scope‐driven opportunities for recombination with coordination, translation and alignment frictions—costs that are not intrinsic to interdisciplinarity per se but arise from how collaboration is organised and governed. This study disaggregates interdisciplinary knowledge production into three analytically distinct elements: thematic diversity, capturing the breadth of topics a project traverses; cognitive diversity, capturing heterogeneity in team members' disciplinary backgrounds; and team assembly, modelled as an independent moderator that shapes integrative capacity even within single‐discipline projects. Using 31,370 Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)–funded projects (2009–2020), we measure Thematic and Cognitive Diversity with the Rao–Stirling index and link them to both theoretical and applied innovation while testing how team assembly conditions diversity returns. We find two distinct functional forms and a clear moderation pattern. Thematic diversity is associated with power‐law growth in innovation and is comparatively insensitive to team assembly. Cognitive Diversity exhibits an inverted U‐shaped relationship with innovation, and its payoff is strongly contingent on team assembly: benefits concentrate at moderate cognitive distance and weaken as integrative capacity increases. By disentangling scope, distance and assembly, the study reconciles competing claims about interdisciplinary returns and informs science policy and evaluation practice on aligning interdisciplinary ambitions with team design and governance mechanisms that can support both academic recognition and societal uptake.\n"]
    February 26, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70530   open full text
  • University–Industry Partnerships in the Age of Digital Marketing: Constructing Sustainable Higher Education Brands.
    Sheng Yuan, Yan‐Kai Fu, Haoran Wei, Huijie Zhou.
    European Journal of Education. February 24, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study explores how universities and industry partners co‐create sustainable brand meanings in the digital environment. Grounded in Brand Co‐creation Theory, it conceptualises branding as a relational and participatory process in which multiple actors jointly construct legitimacy and responsibility. Using a digital case study design, the research maps six authentic university–industry collaborations—three in Asia and three in Europe—drawing on publicly available online data including campaign websites, social media posts, press releases, and corporate sustainability reports. Three collaborations are examined as focal cases based on data completeness and representativeness of distinct co‐creation logics, while the remaining three provide comparative reference points. The findings reveal three interrelated mechanisms that sustain credibility in digital co‐creation: ethical alignment, ensuring coherence between educational and corporate values; relational continuity, maintaining partnerships through iterative engagement over time; and symbolic authenticity, generating ‘proof‐of‐practice’—publicly verifiable traces of concrete actions and outputs that allow audiences to evaluate sustainability claims beyond rhetoric. Across the three focal cases—HKUST × HK Express, University of Leeds × Marks & Spencer, and University of Glasgow × SP Energy Networks—these dimensions manifest respectively as participatory, practical, and institutional forms of collaboration. The study extends Brand Co‐creation Theory to the higher‐education context and demonstrates that sustainable branding in this sector operates less as market promotion than as mutual legitimacy exchange. Ultimately, it argues that effective university–industry partnerships build visibility through shared responsibility, transforming branding into a communicative practice of sustainability and trust.\n"]
    February 24, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70521   open full text
  • A Testbed for Education: UFMs, Inclusion, and Perceptions in the Quintuple Helix Model.
    Salerno Vincenzo.
    European Journal of Education. February 24, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study analyses the perceptions of stakeholders involved in the educational inclusion of unaccompanied foreign minors (UFMs) in Northeast Italy, adopting the Quintuple Helix model (university, industry, government, civil society, and the environment). In a context undergoing digital, ecological, civic, and demographic transitions, the qualitative research (48 narrative interviews and nine focus groups) reconstructs perceived roles, forms of collaboration, and points of friction between sectors. The results reveal a fragmented structure: the helices often operate in silos, resulting in a weak systemic vision and poor valorisation of the resources and skills of UFMs, especially during critical transitions toward adulthood. The Quintuple Helix framework allows for the visibility of misalignments and convergences and the guidance of more integrated educational governance practices. Starting from the data, improvement actions are proposed: strengthening the dialogue between regulatory levels and local contexts; stabilising local networks through shared mapping, essential protocols, and intersectoral discussions; redesigning pathways with laboratory methodologies; strengthening interprofessional training for operators; building coordinated digital support between helixes; and promoting situated ecological learning (vegetable gardens, land management) as inclusive spaces.\n"]
    February 24, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70546   open full text
  • For the Love of Water. Designing and Assessing a Sand Filter for Integral Sustainability Education.
    Laura Salahange, Jesús Sánchez‐Martín, María A. Dávila‐Acedo, Florentina Cañada‐Cañada.
    European Journal of Education. February 24, 2026
    ["European Journal of Education, Volume 61, Issue 2, June 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nScience education, from an early age, plays a key role in promoting sustainability. Within this framework, water emerges as a valuable resource for studying fundamental scientific principles and fostering critical reflection on its sustainable use. This quasi‐experimental study involved 168 primary students (ages 9–11) from public schools in Extremadura, Spain, who participated in a hands‐on activity building a sand filter. To assess the impact of the intervention, a customised questionnaire on scientific knowledge, attitudes and emotions towards science and water sustainability was completed before and after the activity. Findings indicate that the intervention improved scientific knowledge, promoted sustainable attitudes and behaviours towards water, increased interest in science and strengthened emotional connections with both scientific topics and water‐related issues. This study underscores the need for student‐centred approaches that promote meaningful learning and support the Sustainable Development Goals from early educational stages, serving as an enriching complement to existing science programmes in schools.\n"]
    February 24, 2026   doi: 10.1111/ejed.70551   open full text
  • Measuring child development and learning.
    Abbie Raikes.
    European Journal of Education. October 10, 2017
    The Sustainable Development Goal's ‘Education 2030’ agenda includes an explicit focus on early childhood development. Target 4.2 states that all children are ‘developmentally on track’ at the start of school. What does it mean for a child to be developmentally on track, and how should it be measured, especially in an international context? In this article, principles of child development with implications for measurement are described, together with issues in accurately capturing the complex nature of early development with feasible, cost‐effective measures. Three measures are described, with an emphasis on identifying the policy relevance, feasibility, and methodologies that influence their potential usefulness for measuring progress towards global education goals. Directions for measuring early childhood development and learning are outlined.
    October 10, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12249   open full text
  • Can we meet the sustainability challenges? The role of education and lifelong learning.
    Arjen E. J. Wals, Aaron Benavot.
    European Journal of Education. October 10, 2017
    Education and lifelong learning are increasingly being mobilised to address the global environmental crisis and accompanying sustainability challenges. This article discusses the many roles of education about and for sustainable development, drawing on evidence and arguments put forward in the 2016 Global Education Monitoring Report, Education for People and Planet. It highlights specific viewpoints, values and ways of thinking that best characterize effective learning for sustainability. It also emphasises the importance of a ‘whole school’ or ‘whole institutional’ approach to education for sustainability.
    October 10, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12250   open full text
  • Post‐secondary scholarships for students from developing countries: Establishing a global baseline.
    Rajika Bhandari.
    European Journal of Education. September 19, 2017
    With the goal of informing progress towards Sustainable Development Goal target 4.b which focuses on the provision of global scholarships for students from the developing world, this article analyses the current state of global data on scholarships available at the tertiary level for individuals from developing countries. In addition to assessing the status of and gaps in the data, the analysis explores the feasibility of creating a baseline against which future progress towards target 4.b can be monitored at the global level. It reviews a broad range of scholarship programmes that are sponsored by government institutions, non‐profit organisations, and corporations in order to inform the analysis, identify challenges, and propose solutions. Data gaps are especially apparent with regard to the national origins and socio‐demographic characteristics of scholarship recipients. Despite the severe limitation of the data, a tentative baseline against which the progress of target 4.b can be measured is proposed. This baseline estimates that currently there are approximately 22,487 tertiary students from the developing world who are receiving scholarships from developed and developing countries. This figure accounts for just under 1% of the 2.5 million students from the developing world who are globally mobile. In addition to providing a framework for organising and monitoring global scholarship programmes, the article provides recommendations for the steps that can be put in place in order to ensure better data collection on the provision of scholarships for students from the developing world.
    September 19, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12235   open full text
  • Indigenous knowledge and implications for the sustainable development agenda.
    Giorgia Magni.
    European Journal of Education. September 19, 2017
    With the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the international community committed to address a great number of challenges. Among those emphasised by the SDGs, some are highly relevant for indigenous groups. Education, poverty, access to justice and climate change are only a few of the issues affecting indigenous people's lives. Yet, indigenous groups are not passive actors. Despite being at the mercy of climate hazards and misleading political decisions, the knowledge system they have developed throughout the centuries has helped them to successfully respond to ecological and development challenges. By exploring indigenous cultures and their knowledge systems in greater depth, this article aims to understand how the sustainable development agenda can benefit from these different forms of traditional knowledge. More particularly, it will attempt to explain the main notions in which traditional knowledge is rooted and analyse means of knowledge maintenance and transmission. It will then explore the relationship between indigenous knowledge, sustainable practices and land and resource management, as well as climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction strategies. These ideas will be supported by a discussion on the need to guarantee indigenous people full access to land and justice in order for them to fully realise their rights. The conclusion reflects on the importance of fostering an integrated system of knowledge in which indigenous groups are involved in knowledge sharing practices and decision making processes.
    September 19, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12238   open full text
  • Skill achievement and returns in developing countries: Evidence from adult skills surveys.
    Kenn Chua.
    European Journal of Education. September 19, 2017
    Using novel adult skills surveys, this article analyses cross‐country patterns in skill achievement and labour market returns, comparing the outcomes for a subset of developing countries with the results previously found for high‐income economies. Apart from displaying lower average cognitive skills, developing countries also exhibit wider disparities in levels of skills by subgroups of educational attainment, gender, and parental education. Meanwhile, baseline estimates of returns to skills reveal that a one‐standard deviation increase in literacy skills is associated with an earnings increase of 14.6% in developing countries, which is statistically indistinguishable from the average returns of 17.7 estimated for developed countries. Nonetheless, there is considerable heterogeneity in the returns across developing countries, with the lowest estimates found in Armenia and Ukraine at 2% (not statistically significant) and 6%, respectively, and the highest reported in Kenya at above 30%. Differences in the type of employment opportunities and the degree of employment selection in these labour markets are important determinants of the observed gap in returns. International comparisons of returns should take this into consideration.
    September 19, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12236   open full text
  • Measures of learning and teaching material availability and use in sub‐Saharan Africa and other low‐income countries.
    Nicholas Read.
    European Journal of Education. September 19, 2017
    This article reviews the accuracy and relevance of the national monitoring mechanisms currently used to establish national learning and teaching material (LTM) availability indicators. In many countries, only very basic LTM monitoring requirements are provided. These are not updated regularly and are usually not designed specificially to support effective LTM provision. One of the most disturbing conclusions emerging from recent research is the very widespread lack of investment in the provision of reading books and reading materials for use in schools and the equally widespread lack of usable data on the availability of reading books in relevant languages at any levels in the education systems of most developing countries, particularly in lower primary and pre‐school grades. Effective LTM provision requires reliable information on a number of different activities and inputs that must operate efficiently in sequence. This sequence of activities is often referred to as the Book Chain. If one of the links in the chain is dysfunctional, then there is a risk that the whole system will function ineffectively or inefficiently—or both! Most countries aim to collect their EMIS data, including LTM‐related data, on a national basis by drawing information from every school and then consolidating the data gathered on a sub‐district, district, regional and eventually national basis. The combination of large numbers of schools located in different regions, often with radically different facilities and operational environments, with large numbers of titles supplied in differing quantities based on grade level enrolments and supply assumptions and potentially in different languages, is very difficult to manage on a manual basis with non‐specialist managers. Investments in more sophisticated computerised information management systems are recommended to ensure that decisions can be made quickly, based on good information, sound future planning and adequate financial allocations to maintain textbook, teachers’ guides and other essential hard copy LTM supplies equitably at target levels for every school and grade level in the country. Although bespoke, computerised information management systems probably represent the way ahead in terms of reliable annual provision of accurate LTM‐related data they are expensive and there are immediate changes that can be introduced at low cost which will improve the usefulness of the data collected. In most countries, a review needs to take place to ascertain exactly what data need to be collected, how often, and in what formats different MOE departments require this information. This review should be accompanied by a plan for reducing the duplication of work, district/school administration overhead and data collection methodology.
    September 19, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12242   open full text
  • Education for global citizenship and sustainable development in social science textbooks.
    Jeremy David Jimenez, Julia Lerch, Patricia Bromley.
    European Journal of Education. September 18, 2017
    This article reviews the state of research and data on relevant content, broadly understood as sustainable development, in social science textbooks worldwide. Specifically, it examines the extent to which these textbooks could help learners to acquire the knowledge, skills and values that are needed to meet goal 4.7 of the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals: ‘By 2030, ensure that all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote sustainable development, including, among others, through education for sustainable development and sustainable lifestyles, human rights, gender equality, promotion of a culture of peace and non‐violence, global citizenship and appreciation of cultural diversity and of culture's contribution to sustainable development’. It reviews relevant literature and analyses three cross‐national, longitudinal databases containing information that is coded from textbook content to assess the current state of knowledge. In addition to analysing measures concerning the environment and sustainable development, this article also focuses on areas of human rights, global citizenship, gender equality, and multiculturalism/social diversity. We find that textbook discussions of these variables have, in general, steadily increased since the middle of the 20th century. The article concludes by indicating where future research efforts are most needed, identifying geographic and substantive needs, and considering monitoring mechanisms that could encourage on‐going evaluation and monitoring of textbook content.
    September 18, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12240   open full text
  • Higher education in the sustainable development goals framework.
    Taya Louise Owens.
    European Journal of Education. August 25, 2017
    Agenda 2030 for sustainable development focuses attention on lifelong learning opportunities for all. The new targets expand on their predecessors, the Millennial Development Goals, by both widening and deepening the scope of system‐wide quality education systems. Whilst the Millennial Development Goals focused attention on universal primary attainment, the Sustainable Development Goals introduce tertiary education into the global development agenda. Higher education was an important consideration in the 2000 Dakar framework, but it was not included as a target. Instead, it appeared indirectly as a supportive pathway to other goals such as youth skills or quality teacher. Now, higher education plays a key role as a means to achieving Goal 4 on education: inclusive, equitable and quality education for all. This article evaluates the introduction of higher education into the development agenda and the introduction of the SDGs into the parallel but fragmented multilateral and university agendas. It concludes by specifying two factors that are essential if higher education is to play a revitalised role in the sustainable development framework: publicly‐funded research and regional higher education partnerships.
    August 25, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12237   open full text
  • Integrated planning for education and development.
    Amlata Persaud.
    European Journal of Education. August 23, 2017
    This article addresses the issue of integrated planning for education in a post‐2015 international development paradigm. It argues that there has been a growth in the opportunity space for education stakeholders at both global and local levels to pay greater attention to the links between education and other development sectors. It uses a boundary‐spanning policy framework to present an analysis of this trend, pointing to political, economic and social factors that have intersected to create a conducive environment for consideration of integrated approaches. It proposes three ‘dimensions’ of integration, namely, horizontal integration of the education sector with other development sectors such as health and social protection; vertical integration across national and sub‐national levels; and lateral integration of state and non‐state actors. The article focuses on horizontal integration and draws on the theoretical literature on collaborative management to highlight the contextual, personal, structural and technical factors that can present risks and challenges to policy makers and practitioners in implementing integrated approaches in the education sector.
    August 23, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12233   open full text
  • Non‐cognitive skills: Potential candidates for global measurement.
    Kai Zhou.
    European Journal of Education. August 23, 2017
    Skills are widely considered as key elements that contribute to the sustainable development of nations and the well‐being of individuals. Given the increasing interests in the international comparisons of skills for informing educational policy, it is necessary to understand the definitions, measurement, and development of key skills. Using literature from economics, sociology, and psychology, this article focuses on non‐cognitive skills that have a positive effect on life outcomes and can be better developed through education and training. Three non‐cognitive skills – grit, self‐control and social skills are illustrated and thoroughly reviewed here. Although some progress has been made in developing and measuring non‐cognitive skills, there is currently no systematic global measure. Several factors hinder the global monitoring of non‐cognitive skills and inhibits effective non‐cognitive skills assessment across countries. These include a lack of solid evidence showing which soft skills predict academic and workforce outcomes and how does the strength of this relationship differ by situation.
    August 23, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12241   open full text
  • The implementation of internationalisation in Israeli teacher training colleges.
    Miri Yemini, Julie Hermoni, Vered Holzmann, Liron Shokty, Wurud Jayusi, Nazeh Natur.
    European Journal of Education. August 22, 2017
    Higher education institutions worldwide are increasingly investing in ‘internationalisation’, although its meanings and measures differ significantly between contexts, countries, and institutions. This article analyses the implementation of internationalisation in three second‐tier higher education institutions specialising in teacher training programmes in Israel under an EU‐funded TEMPUS (Trans‐European Mobility Programme for University Studies) project. We show how internationalisation is implemented at these institutions, where diverse motivations, power relations, and ideas intervene. We discuss the main themes that emerged through semi‐structured interviews with the colleges’ leadership, supporting our findings with a content analysis of the colleges’ strategic plans. Our study provides new insights, revealing how the EU internationalisation agenda is interpreted locally in such settings, thereby highlighting the importance of the particular context in this process.
    August 22, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12239   open full text
  • A perspective on education's importance for urban development.
    Priyadarshani Joshi.
    European Journal of Education. August 22, 2017
    The 21st century has been called the ‘age of the city’. The concentration of human activity is what makes cities such an important space of opportunity and challenge. This article views urban development challenges from an education perspective and argues that education must be viewed as an important intermediary for capitalising on the physical, intellectual and social capital available in cities. The distribution of educational opportunity within cities must be monitored to ensure that education plays a role in reducing and not exacerbating urban inequalities. Making sure that the city works for all requires improving how we plan cities and making urban planning processes more inclusive through knowledge‐based participation. There needs to be more appreciation of education's role in transformative urban development and stronger advocacy by education stakeholders to gain a seat in the circles that wield the most power in the urban futures debates.
    August 22, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12234   open full text
  • Towards an interdisciplinary model of practice for participatory building design in education.
    Karen D. Könings, Catherine Bovill, Pamela Woolner.
    European Journal of Education. July 20, 2017
    It is recognised that educational environments influence learning experiences, so it is important to ensure that educational buildings are designed to be fit for purpose. In order to ensure that educational buildings meet the needs of those who use them, all relevant stakeholders should be involved in the design process. However, this is not straightforward and much remains unclear about how involvement in such complex design processes should proceed. This article presents the findings of four small heterogeneous groups of architects, educational designers, teachers and students from the UK and The Netherlands, discussing how they would envision optimal collaboration and involvement of stakeholders in the process of (re)designing educational buildings and instructional methods. Presentations from the four groups were transcribed and analysed. Informed by a review of existing models and frameworks, our findings were synthesised into a new interdisciplinary model of participatory building design in education. This new model focuses on an iterative design process with different stakeholders involved in different ways at different times. We propose that this model can inform policy and practice in educational building design, as well as within co‐creation of curricula, learning, teaching and assessment.
    July 20, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12230   open full text
  • University research and the creation of spin‐offs: The Spanish case.
    Isabel Román‐Martínez, María‐Elena Gómez‐Miranda, Juan Sánchez‐Fernández.
    European Journal of Education. July 20, 2017
    The backbone of the European innovation strategy is knowledge transfer from universities to companies, the programmes supporting the creation of university spin‐offs being one of its pillars. In order to achieve a better understanding of this kind of entrepreneurial activity in Spain, this article analyses the relationship between research activity and the creation of spin‐offs and identifies the factors which can be linked to the level of technology used by these companies. Consulting the websites of Spanish universities and their respective Technology Transfer Offices (TTO) led to the identification of 499 spin‐offs. We analysed two groups of universities, correlating their number and technological nature with the research potential of the parent university, the general economic situation and the assistance received in creating this type of company. We found a positive relation between the creation of university spin‐offs and the average number of projects achieved by the university. In addition, their technological nature is positively related to the number of patents awarded to the university. This article focuses on Spain. However, the aspects addressed are common to other countries and its results may therefore be of interest to universities and policy makers wishing to promote the commercialisation of research outcomes.
    July 20, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12231   open full text
  • Classroom biographies: Teaching and learning in evolving material landscapes (c. 1960‐2015).
    Jo Tondeur, Frederik Herman, Maud De Buck, Karen Triquet.
    European Journal of Education. July 16, 2017
    Despite growing interest in redesigning the material landscape of education, relatively little is known about the impact of these evolving classrooms. This study aimed to gain insight into the physical learning environment and the potential pedagogical impacts thereof. A ‘biographical approach’ (c.1963‐2015) was used to explore the long‐term socio‐material landscapes where teachers and pupils, classroom material and spatiality, and teaching practices were entangled. Stimulated recall interviews were conducted in Flanders (Belgium) with primary school teachers. Teacher‐generated floorplans detailing their material classroom over time, transcribed oral accounts elaborating on these, and supportive data sources were aggregated and analysed by theme. The resulting identification of six key themes shed light on the evolving architectural and infrastructural developments, as well as triggers and teaching impacts thereof amongst the interviewed teachers. Findings show that negative school evaluations urging school intervention, and teachers’ proactive engagement within their classrooms, were the main catalysts of change. Moreover, evolving classroom layouts, in addition to the affordances of upgraded equipment, can be associated to changes in teachers’ practices. It can be concluded that the classroom is becoming an action context as the result of the inextricable mediating agencies identified.
    July 16, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12228   open full text
  • Architecting the ‘third teacher’: Solid foundations for the participatory and principled design of schools and (built) learning environments.
    Tony Hall.
    European Journal of Education. July 03, 2017
    This issue of the European Journal of Education examines a crucially important, though largely overlooked, area in educational design research: architecting and building physical educational environments. Effective policymaking in school design necessitates the negotiated, shared and timely input of key educational stakeholders, including policymakers, architects, educational designers, pupils, teachers, and parents. Furthermore, practical, participatory and principled examples of the design and construction of bespoke learning spaces are warranted to guide those formulating and implementing policy, particularly the commissioning and construction of built educational environments. The articles exemplify how to engage diverse, key stakeholders in participatory design of school buildings, whilst practically illustrating design innovations in context. This commentary article offers reflections on the respective articles, informed by extant, relevant research on the history and praxis of school building design internationally. This includes the Reggio Emilia Schools’ socio‐material concept of ‘the third teacher’, a philosophy that is particularly germane to the participatory design of contemporary (built) learning environments. The article concludes with design sensitivities and SEAM framework (space, engagement, aestheticity and media), which can be used to explore and extend further the concepts, methods and technologies outlined in this issue.
    July 03, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12224   open full text
  • A visual information tool for user participation during the lifecycle of school building design: BIM.
    Alexander Koutamanis, Jos Heuer, Karen D. Könings.
    European Journal of Education. June 23, 2017
    User participation is a key element in decision processes concerning the accommodation of dynamic organisations such as schools. This article addresses the discrepancy between the perspectives of the architects and engineers, as the makers of school buildings, and school management, teachers and students, as the users of the buildings, and proposes that productive and efficient participatory design of school buildings requires appropriate information tools. Visual information technology tools, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), already used in interaction between architects, engineers, consultants, etc., are proposed to support school managers, teachers and students in participating in all stages of the life cycle of their school building. The proposed use of BIM is compared to a retrospective analysis of a Dutch school which realised a completely new secondary education building. The article concludes with recommendations to increase the impact of visual information technology tools such as BIM in the design of school buildings in Europe and beyond.
    June 23, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12226   open full text
  • Participatory educational design: How to improve mutual learning and the quality and usability of the design?
    Fred J. J. M. Janssen, Karen D. Könings, Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer.
    European Journal of Education. June 23, 2017
    Many educational change proposals, designed to improve student learning, fail to be implemented in classrooms, which is a threat to the impact of educational policy on educational practice. This has led to a call for participatory educational design in which different stakeholders are involved in the generation and consideration of alternative learning environments, including physical spaces that better support learning. The development of tools to effectively engage non‐professional designers in design activities is still in its early stages. In this article, we present two tools that can improve mutual learning of those involved in the design process and the quality and usability of both learning environments and supportive physical spaces: the laddering tool and the building block tool. Both are based on a new conception of teaching as bounded rational design in which a teaching practice is seen as a design to attain multiple goals simultaneously in a complex classroom context with limited available resources. By presenting a case from biology teaching, we illustrate how educational design processes between teachers unfold when they use these two tools. We argue and demonstrate that these tools are important for facilitating effective use of diverse contributions from different stakeholders, and also when involving students and architects in a participatory design process.
    June 23, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12229   open full text
  • Aligning pedagogy with physical learning spaces.
    Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer, Susan McKenney, Dominic Cullinan, Jos Heuer.
    European Journal of Education. June 21, 2017
    The quality of education suffers when pedagogies are not aligned with physical learning spaces. For example, the architecture of the triple‐decker Victorian schools across England fits the information transmission model that was dominant in the industrial age, but makes it more difficult to implement student‐centred pedagogies that better fit a modern knowledge society. Yet, very little is known about how to reach powerful alignment of pedagogies and physical learning spaces. This article aims to fill this gap by describing a participatory design process to help to realise physical spaces and school buildings that optimally support specific visions of learning and pedagogy. Three phases are distinguished in this design process: (1) specifying the pedagogy, (2) aligning the pedagogy with seating arrangements and physical learning spaces, and (3) realising the school building. Particular attention is given to the core tasks relating to pedagogy (phases one and two), and especially the second phase, in which school management, teachers and students on the one hand, and architects and interior designers on the other must collaborate in a participatory design process. Illustrations are given from two schools, UCL Academy in London, UK, and De Werkplaats Kindergemeenschap in Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
    June 21, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12225   open full text
  • The distribution of skills among the European adult population and unemployment: A comparative approach.
    Jorge Calero, Álvaro Choi.
    European Journal of Education. June 21, 2017
    The most painful effect of the Great Recession in European countries has been the surge in unemployment rates during a period that has been characterised by an increase in income inequality and the heterogeneous pattern of this inequality by educational level. Thus, workers with low levels of educational attainment were among the first to lose their jobs. This article addresses two main research questions: first, it estimates the importance of the level of skills and education on the probability of being unemployed, disentangling the extent of the effects of human capital and signalling theories of education; and, second, it provides evidence of the impact of inequalities in the previous socioeconomic and cultural background of individuals on the probability of being unemployed. These two objectives are assessed using data for 24 jurisdictions that participated in the first round of the OECD's Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). Skill levels play a central role in explaining unemployment in Europe and act as an indirect channel via which a family's sociocultural background has an impact on its labour market status. Combining the results of alternative models, we identify those European labour markets that are most sensitive to human capital.
    June 21, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12222   open full text
  • Competition, student sorting and performance gains in local education markets: The Dutch secondary sector.
    Sofie Cabus, Ilja Cornelisz.
    European Journal of Education. June 21, 2017
    This article empirically examines the implications of competition among Dutch secondary schools: (1) regarding the sorting of students by performance levels in schools at the begiining of secondary education; and (2) regarding performance gains in the secondary school career, controlling for the aforementioned sorting patterns. We used data from about 13,000 students enrolled at 102 school locations in The Netherlands. Using differences in the distribution of competition intensity across local education markets, we applied Kernel estimation techniques to match students from relatively high‐ to low‐competitive markets on the basis of student and household characteristics. Our results indicate that, with increasing competition, relatively more schools target the group of high‐achieving students. As a result, schools will arguably have to enrol more ‘students at the margin’ to ensure sufficient enrolment rates. To conclude, we observed that, accounting for sorting patterns, competition was related to small negligible improvements in academic achievement at the bottom of the distribution of student performance within the first three years of secondary education. Furthermore, a negative result for competition was found for categorical academic classrooms settings.
    June 21, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12221   open full text
  • Completion in vocational and academic upper secondary school: The importance of school motivation, self‐efficacy, and individual characteristics.
    Marianne Dæhlen.
    European Journal of Education. May 31, 2017
    A vast amount of research is devoted to identifying factors that predict early school leaving. However, there is no simple explanation because the results show that young people leave education prematurely for various reasons, such as their level of school involvement, their background characteristics and different school systems. This article investigates the importance of school motivation, self‐efficacy and the characteristics of students and their families for completing school and examines students in the vocational and academic tracks separately. With a focus on school completion, this study is guided by the following research question: Do students who obtain an upper secondary diploma have greater motivation and stronger beliefs about their abilities than those who choose to leave early? When adjusting for background characteristics, the results indicated no, or a relatively low, relationship between school motivation/self‐efficacy and completion. The most predictable variable is prior school performances, particularly for students in the vocational track.
    May 31, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12223   open full text
  • The politics of PISA: The media, policy and public responses in Norway and England.
    Therese N. Hopfenbeck, Kristine Görgen.
    European Journal of Education. April 25, 2017
    Using the PISA 2015 releases in Norway and England, this article explores how PISA has been presented in the media and how the policy level has responded to the results. England will be used as an example for comparison. The article presents early media responses from the 20 most circulated daily newspapers in the two countries and discusses them in relation both to the national PISA reports in Norway and England, as well as the international report of the OECD. The media responses are further interpreted in light of previous research in both countries, with a particular focus upon Norway, where previous Ministers of Education have been interviewed about assessment policy and education reforms.
    April 25, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12219   open full text
  • PISA and its consequences: Shaping education policies through international comparisons.
    Dennis Niemann, Kerstin Martens, Janna Teltemann.
    European Journal of Education. April 23, 2017
    As the field of education has become a highly internationalised policy field in the last decade, international organisations such as the OECD play an ever more decisive role in the dissemination of knowledge, monitoring of outcomes, and research in education policy. Although the OECD lacks any binding governance instruments to put coercion on States or to provide material incentive, it has successively expanded its competences in this field. OECD advanced its status as an expert organisation in the field of education mainly by designing and conducting the international comparative PISA study. With PISA, the OECD was able to greatly influence national education systems. Basically, States were faced with external advice based on sound empirical data that challenged existing domestic policies, politics, and ideas. One prominent case for the impact of PISA is Germany. PISA was a decisive watershed in German education policy‐making. Almost instantly after the PISA results were publicised in late 2001, a comprehensive education reform agenda was put forward in Germany. The experienced reform dynamic was highly surprising because the traditional German education system and politics were characterised by deep‐rooted historical legacies, many involved stakeholders at different levels, and reform‐hampering institutions. Hence, a backlog of grand education reforms have prevailed in Germany since the 1970s. The external pressure exerted by PISA completely changed that situation.
    April 23, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12220   open full text
  • Working whilst studying in higher education: The impact of the economic crisis on academic and labour market success.
    Albert Sanchez‐Gelabert, Mijail Figueroa, Marina Elias.
    European Journal of Education. April 21, 2017
    An analysis of the phenomenon of combining work and study amongst university students is made using data obtained from surveys of graduates carried out four years after finishing their degrees. First, the article reviews the evolution of the phenomenon over the last ten years, taking into account the Catalan University Quality Assurance Agency (AQU) labour market insertion surveys for 2005, 2008, 2011 and 2014. Second, the 2008 and 2014 waves are compared to analyse the impact of the economic crisis. In this case, how combining work and study affects academic results and labour market insertion is studied, in addition to whether or not differences occur according to the family's educational background. A random stratified two‐stage sampling is used to obtain the results; descriptive and ANOVA analyses with different factors are performed. The evolution shows how the numbers of students who combine work and study has increased, especially among those whose parents have little education. Furthermore, this means that lower marks are obtained and that there is a greater degree of inequality in labour market insertion, depending on the educational background of the family of origin. In general, the relationship between the different variables shows how combining work and study has negative effects on marks but positive effects on labour market insertion, especially if the work experience whilst at university is related to the studies.
    April 21, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12212   open full text
  • The contribution of PISA to the convergence of education policies in Europe.
    Alain Michel.
    European Journal of Education. April 19, 2017
    The international comparative studies on students’ outcomes have initiated analyses that have had a growing influence on national and sub‐national education policies in industrialised and developing countries. It is particularly the case of the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) which started in 2000 and has organised surveys every 3 years, so that the 2015 survey was the 6th. Its influence has been particularly important for several reasons: 1) it assesses the basic competences in reading literacy, maths and science of 15 year‐olds students, i.e. around the end of compulsory education in many countries; 2) the assessment is based on a reliable methodology and the tests are completed by qualitative surveys and studies; 3) and the results lead to recommendations and are amplified by the media in most countries. However, it is not easy to evaluate the real impact of PISA because of the existence of other international studies such as IEA's TIMSS and, particularly in Europe, the influence of the recommendations and benchmarks of the EU that has been growing steadily in the last 25 years. Our analysis of the impact of PISA and EU policy focuses on the evolution of the education policy in France, but also studies its evolution in a few other European countries. Finally, we underline the limits of the influence of PISA and international standards in education towards a convergence of education systems because of the importance of their specific historic and cultural contexts.
    April 19, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12218   open full text
  • Seeing education through the prism of PISA.
    Andreas Schleicher.
    European Journal of Education. April 17, 2017
    International comparisons are never easy and they are not perfect. But PISA shows what is possible in education and it helps countries to see themselves in the mirror of student performance and educational possibilities in other countries. This article summarises key policy insights from PISA. It highlights how excellence and improving equity need not be conflicting policy objectives, but that they tend to be jointly achieved only when deliberate policies are in place that match resources with needs and when stratification and grade repetition are contained. The article also shows how a number of countries have been able to raise learning outcomes and moderate the impact of social background in the last decade and highlights some of the policies and practices that characterise these countries.
    April 17, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12209   open full text
  • Education policy in Poland: The impact of PISA (and other international studies).
    Ireneusz Białecki, Maciej Jakubowski, Jerzy Wiśniewski.
    European Journal of Education. April 17, 2017
    The impact of the PISA study on Polish education policy has been significant, but probably different from any other country. Poland has not experienced the so‐called ‘PISA shock’, but its education system has been benefiting considerably from PISA. For experts and policy makers, it has been a useful and reliable instrument that has made it possible to measure the effects of consecutive reforms of the school education system. Moreover, PISA and other international studies have influenced the perception of education policy in Poland. The latter has shifted from an ideology‐driven, centralised policy to an evidence‐informed policy, developed with the involvement of multiple stakeholders, although this has mostly affected the thinking of experts and policy makers rather than the general public. The new government (in power from 2015), following public opinion polls, has reversed most of the previous education reforms, eliminating lower secondary schools introduced in 1999.
    April 17, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12216   open full text
  • The impact of OECD‐PISA results on Japanese educational policy.
    Noritomo Tasaki.
    European Journal of Education. April 17, 2017
    The author describes the results of PISA, including those of 2015 and Japan's reaction, as well as their impact. Highly‐ranked in PISA, Japan has always tried to improve its education system. The promotion of reading comprehension remains an important issue and low interest and motivation to learn subjects are crucial problems. The author discusses these questions and reform policies from a Japanese point of view. He explains the latest reform plan which will be implemented in 2020. The Japanese peculiarity in education is referred to in the conclusion.
    April 17, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12217   open full text
  • Beyond educational attainment: The importance of skills and lifelong learning for social outcomes. Evidence for Europe from PIAAC.
    Esperanza Vera‐Toscano, Margarida Rodrigues, Patricia Costa.
    European Journal of Education. April 11, 2017
    Empirical evidence suggests that educational attainment nurtures people's social outcomes and promotes active participation in society and stability. However, it is unclear to what extent other types of human capital also correlate with social outcomes. Hence, we explored the opportunity offered by the PIAAC survey through its provision of information on educational attainment, observed individual key skills proficiency, and participation in adult education and training (adult lifelong learning). We therefore studied the association between these human capital variables and social outcomes, and more specifically interpersonal trust and participation in volunteering activities. Results revealed that these social outcomes were affected not only by the formal qualification obtained, determined by the education variable, but also throughout the life‐cycle. Indeed, education and training when undertaken during adult life have a significant impact, especially on volunteering. The fact that the skill proficiency also plays a significant role is extremely relevant, as skills are more likely to change over the life‐cycle, either in a positive or negative way. Whilst the formal education received is constant after exiting the educational system, skills reflect competences more accurately: first, because those with the same level of education may have different skill levels because of differences in the quality of education or ability; second, because skills can vary over time. For example, they may increase with work experience or informal education, or decrease as a result of depreciation and ageing. These findings suggest that social outcomes are prone to be affected by many factors other than formal education, suggesting that policy makers can implement recommendations even after formal education has been completed.
    April 11, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12211   open full text
  • Fifteen years looking at the mirror: On the presence of PISA in education policy processes (Portugal, 2000‐2016).
    Luís Miguel Carvalho, Estela Costa, Catarina Gonçalves.
    European Journal of Education. April 11, 2017
    This article describes and discusses what happens when knowledge for policy generated within PISA is received by its target audience: what have the Portuguese policy actors been doing with PISA data and analysis when they consider, express and justify their choices? Drawing on previous and current studies, using interview materials and formal and informal policy documents, as well as texts published in the written press, the article analyses two main phenomena related to the reception of PISA and how this has evolved between 2001 and 2012 in Portugal: the consolidation of PISA's credibility as a source for policy processes and texts; the emergence of new actors and modes of intervention in the production of knowledge for national policy, drawing on PISA. Finally, it presents an analysis of the reception of PISA 2015 in the Portuguese media, focusing on the interventions by political actors in the Portuguese daily and weekly written press. Two main elements emerge from our content analysis as the main common elements of that reception: the consecration of PISA's credibility; and the practices of qualification and disqualification of educational policies and perspectives. The article concludes by emphasising the regulatory role of PISA in Portuguese policy processes and the relevant contribution played by the politics of reception in legitimising this role.
    April 11, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12210   open full text
  • Fifteen years of research on PISA effects on education governance: A critical review.
    Xavier Pons.
    European Journal of Education. March 31, 2017
    This article provides a literature review on the effects of the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) on education governance and policy process across participating countries. This review seemed necessary because there has been a growing body of literature on this topic since 2003, especially since 2010, because this literature is not always well‐known and because the discourse on the so‐called ‘PISA shock’ remains important, even if it is more of a metaphor than a concept and may be politically partial. The article exploits a dataset of 87 references which show that PISA introduced major changes in the governance of education worldwide. Driven by soft power strategies and new policy transfers, this governance is based on data and measurement tools which redefine the scales of education policies. It also shows that PISA has a strong influence on a variety of national reforms, as illustrated in many case studies. However, this influence strongly depends on domestic policy contexts that scholars intended to capture through different theoretical frameworks. Nonetheless, few propose overarching theorisations of the political meaning of PISA effects on education governance and policy processes. The article concludes by stressing three main challenges for the subsequent studies on these PISA effects: better conceptualising these effects, preserving an epistemology of uncertainty in order to avoid taken for granted views and normalising the research on PISA effects not to perpetually and artificially rediscover its so‐called novelty.
    March 31, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12213   open full text
  • PISA in Spain: Expectations, impact and debate.
    Alejandro Tiana Ferrer.
    European Journal of Education. March 29, 2017
    PISA, which was launched by OECD, is one of the most significant and successful initiatives on which education systems have recently collectively embarked. However, although it is a well‐coordinated international programme, its reception differs according to country. There is therefore a need to analyse specific national circumstances in order to gain a deeper understanding of the undertaking as a whole. This article specifically considers Spain's participation in PISA and focuses on a number of aspects: a) the expectations created when it joined the programme, in parallel to the implementation of its own national education evaluation system; b) the impact PISA has had, both in the media and in political and discursive spheres; and c) the technical and scientific debates generated in Spanish academic media. Finally, it is argued that, in the last few years, PISA has met with a certain disenchantment among specialists and the public opinion because of its limitations as a ranking tool, the difficulty in explaining its findings, and its inability to prescribe education policies that are suitable for very different contexts.
    March 29, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12214   open full text
  • Higher education learning outcomes – Ambiguity and change in higher education.
    Joakim Caspersen, Nicoline Frølich, Johan Muller.
    European Journal of Education. February 22, 2017
    The emerging interdependent world order poses new challenges for States and citizens alike. For States, interdependence has meant a new concern with integration, whilst for citizens and authorities alike, greater mobility has raised new concerns about recognition of competences, qualifications, quality and transparency. The introduction of learning outcomes is one of the principal instruments to achieve this in higher education. This article analyses how the implementation of higher education learning outcomes (HELOs) can be seen as ambiguous governance and management tools, manifested as parts of international policy development and policy trends. These ambiguous tools intertwine with different disciplinary and stakeholder networks. The desire to implement HELOs in a more or less uniform way across as diverse contexts (countries, disciplines, institutions) as possible has led to a design strategy that favours generic definitions of learning outcomes. In the implementation process, these generic HELOs are experienced as ambiguous, meaning that they are characterised by an openness to different interpretations. This opens up a space of discretionary and interpretational latitude, either because HELOs are assimilated to traditional path dependencies, or because they allow institutional agents (such as institutional leaders and others) the space to introduce change. The ambiguity of HELOs simultaneously provides the flexibility for contextually‐diverse implementation, ensures less comparability than initially envisaged, and opens up the possibility for change, although change is contingent on structures and processes that are external to the policy process itself. HELOs are thus a paradigm case of the centrality of context in policy implementation studies.
    February 22, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12208   open full text
  • Learning outcomes in professional contexts in higher education.
    Tine S. Prøitz, Anton Havnes, Mary Briggs, Ian Scott.
    European Journal of Education. February 22, 2017
    With the policy of developing a, transparent and competitive European higher education sector, learning outcomes (LOs) are attributed a foundation stone role in policy and curriculum development. A premise for their implementation is that they bear fundamental similarities across national, institutional or professional/disciplinary contexts. In contrast, detractors suggest that LOs cannot communicate precisely across programmes or national boundaries. With this as a backdrop, this article analyses how LOs are used to communicate what students are to learn and the extent to which their use drives standardisation. The analysis is based on a case study of how LOs are formulated in study programme documents in two professional education programmes in Norway and the UK. The findings indicate that LOs can be considered to drive standardisation through the same presentation using bullet points. The study also finds that LOs are framed in different ways in the two countries and within the different study programmes and in a web of interconnected documents. This ‘local’ structural use of LOs disrupts their ‘foundation stone’ role as a vehicle for standardisation and weakens the establishment of sameness across institutions and nations.
    February 22, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12207   open full text
  • HELOs and student centred learning – where's the link?
    Rachel Sweetman.
    European Journal of Education. February 22, 2017
    Learning outcomes are presented as a tool that can enhance teaching and learning in higher education, in particular by fostering student‐centred learning. However, the ways in which this change can and should take place and the specific kinds of enhancement involved are often unclear. This article analyses common claims about the advantages of learning outcomes for teaching and learning and their relationship to student‐centred learning. The potential links between these concepts are investigated, based on interviews with teachers and students from a range of degree programmes at Norwegian and English universities. The interviews with 29 teachers and students suggest that learning outcome approaches are influencing course planning and some aspects of teaching practice, supporting more transparency and clear communication with students and offering a way to address particularly weak or traditional teaching. However, there is limited evidence that learning outcome approaches promote student‐centred learning, and the analysis identifies several tensions between the challenges student‐centred learning ideals pose to traditional teaching practices, in terms of transferring power and choice to students, and perceived pressures to specify and assess learning outcomes. It also suggests that teachers’ and students’ beliefs about the conditions and practices that lead to the most satisfying and successful elements of learning in degree courses are unlikely to be addressed through either learning‐outcome or student‐centred reforms.
    February 22, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12202   open full text
  • Why School Choice Reforms in Denmark Fail: the blocking power of the teacher union.
    Susanne Wiborg, Kristina R. Larsen.
    European Journal of Education. February 22, 2017
    This article investigates why school choice is exercised to a limited degree by parents despite major government initiatives to enhance diversity, competition and choice in the Danish education system. Denmark has had 20 years of centre‐right governments, promoting choice reforms perhaps even more vigorously than the other Nordic countries, yet school choice is seldom used – only 12% of parents choose a public school that differs from the one that is allocated to them. The literature on school choice in Denmark argues that this is primarily due to a general lack of parental interest because of the relatively high similarity across schools. In this article, we argue that the main reason is to be found in the politics of vested interests, namely municipalities’ persistent use of pupil assignment schemes supported by powerful teacher union branches at the local level.
    February 22, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12203   open full text
  • Academic Institutions, Ambiguity and Learning Outcomes as Management Tools.
    Ivar Bleiklie, Nicoline Frølich, Rachel Sweetman, Mary Henkel.
    European Journal of Education. February 02, 2017
    Specifying learning outcomes (LOs) in higher education as part of the European Qualification Framework (EQF) has resulted in a variety of experiences in the national contexts of England and Norway, as well as in different institutional and disciplinary settings. This article contributes to a contextualised understanding of the kind of management tools that higher education learning outcomes (HELOs) are, based on a conceptually‐informed comparative empirical analysis. The comparison is based on two types of disciplines (the humanities and STEM) in two national contexts (Norway and England) at two research‐intensive universities in each country. These settings offer an opportunity to look for evidence – inspired by public administration literature – as to whether HELOs have some specific characteristics as management tools. HELOs share the characteristics that afflict most reform policies – that of ambiguity and the potential of being shaped by a number of circumstantial factors. Higher education institutions are highly dependent on, and embedded in, multiple relationships to the environment. Hence, as decision making structures, they are ‘penetrated’ and influenced in ways that are likely to vary across countries, types of institutions and academic disciplines. Because institutions and disciplinary groups are embedded in different policy (varying degrees and forms of state steering and policy implementation) and organisational environments (different degrees and forms of hierarchical leadership, managerial control, and autonomy) and different disciplines (different perceptions of scientific‐, professional‐, educational mission, and relationships to external stakeholders) they also constitute different organisational spaces for participation and engagement in shaping and using HELOs.
    February 02, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12200   open full text
  • Measuring learning outcomes.
    Joakim Caspersen, Jens‐Christian Smeby, Per Olaf Aamodt.
    European Journal of Education. February 02, 2017
    The growing interest for measurement of learning outcomes relates to long lines of development in higher education, the request for accountability, intensified through international reforms and movements such as the development and implementation of qualifications frameworks. In this article, we discuss relevant literature on different approaches to measurement and how learning outcomes are measured, what kinds of learning outcomes are measured, and why learning outcomes are measured. Three dimensions are used to structure the literature: Whether the approaches emphasise generic or disciplinary skills and competence, self‐assessment or more objective test based measures (including grades), and how the issue of the contribution from the education program or institution (the value‐added) are discussed. It is pointed out that large scales initiatives that compare institutions and even nations seem to fall short because of the implicit and explicit differences in context, whilst small‐scale approaches suffer from a lack of relevance outside local contexts. In addition, competence (actual level of performance) is often confused with learning (gain and development) in many approaches, laying the ground for false assumptions about institutional process‐quality in higher education.
    February 02, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12205   open full text
  • International Demand For Spanish University Education: an analysis in the context of the European Higher Education Area.
    Virginia Rincón, Jon Barrutia.
    European Journal of Education. January 25, 2017
    In the current context of globalisation it seems inevitable that the international openness of universities would also lead to efforts to attract foreign students. In the case of Spain, this is more necessary, insofar as the drop in population, the existence of other quality educational offerings, and the greater number of public and private universities have made students a target to compete for. Cutbacks in public funds have accentuated this trend. This article analyses the international demand at Spanish universities in order to determine whether there are significant differences because of the level of local competition faced by universities and public or private ownership. The Herfindhal index and analysis of variance are used to this end. Using data from the Statistics on University Students for the 2005‐2006 and 2011‐2012 academic years, we found that the creation of the European Higher Education Area partially affected international demand at Spanish universities. The overall international attractiveness of the Spanish university system improved considerably and universities have assumed an international view, regardless of the competition in their respective areas. Therefore, local competition is no longer a decisive factor to explain the international demand. In contrast, although public or private ownership does not determine the international attractiveness of universities, it does serve to explain their type of international demand.
    January 25, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12198   open full text
  • Higher Education Learning Outcomes and their Ambiguous Relationship to Disciplines and Professions.
    Svein Michelsen, Agnete Vabø, Hanne Kvilhaugsvik, Endre Kvam.
    European Journal of Education. January 22, 2017
    This article highlights the significance of professional and disciplinary spaces in the shaping of Learning Outcomes (Los) in higher education. It is based on empirical studies of three programmes (engineering, the humanities and medicine) at two Norwegian universities. The results demonstrate both similarities and differences in the dynamics of learning outcomes formation. In the humanities and engineering they were translated into learning objectives, closing in on course rationalisation and portfolio coherence. Whilst the focus in the humanities remained internal in orientation, in engineering, internal processes of implementation merged with quality assurance and external development processes mediated by the engineering profession. In medicine, the introduction and implementation of learning outcomes were mediated by prior experiences with problem‐based learning practices. During that process, learning outcomes became oriented towards professional identity and conformity to international quality standards. In that sense, learning outcomes could function as regulatory mechanisms sheltering medical education from outside interference rather than as a tool for structuring learning. Within the framework of learning outcomes, professional compliance with external scrutiny through the display of standards has become more important, but also more linked to the university as an organisational actor.
    January 22, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12199   open full text
  • The Spread of the Learning Outcomes Approaches across Countries, Sub‐systems and Levels: A special focus on teacher education.
    Gábor Halász.
    European Journal of Education. January 19, 2017
    This article is based on the outcomes of the study entitled “The application of learning outcomes approaches across Europe”, which was funded by Cedefop and completed in 2015 (Wiśniewski et al, ). The study, aiming at exploring the implementation of the learning outcomes approach in European countries, addressed two major questions: (1) to what extent and how the shift to learning outcomes has been influencing education and training policies and strategies at macro (national) level and teaching practices at micro (institutional) level in EU and EFTA member countries, and (2) to what extent and how political priority given to learning outcomes has influenced institutional practices in the training of education and training professionals. The study, covering 33 EU and EFTA member countries and all sub‐systems of education, used empirical evidence from country case studies and also from a limited number of institutional case studies focusing on initial teacher education. The study demonstrated a significant progress in the use of the learning outcomes approach in most countries and in all sub‐systems, but also major implementation challenges. This article presents the outcomes of the study using an analytical framework combining three analytical perspectives: (1) curriculum development and delivery (2) European integration, and (3) governance and policy implementation.
    January 19, 2017   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12201   open full text
  • Reflections on the Field of Higher Education: time, space and sub‐fields.
    Keiko Yokoyama.
    European Journal of Education. November 21, 2016
    The objective of this study is to define the field of higher education and clarify its identity. It examines three analytical dimensions which, it proposes, shape the field: knowledge, approach and community. It argues that contextual knowledge around the issue of higher education has defined the field but has not determined techniques that are specific to it. The core elements of these three dimensions— contextual knowledge, the diversity in approaches and the multi‐disciplinary and loosely coupled community—suggest diversity in the field and in its identity rather than coherence and consolidation. The two dimensions of approach and community partially relate to the development of the field as a product of efforts to solve financial and management problems caused by the expansion of higher education after World War II in the US, and, in terms of experience, in Europe where expansion came much later, increasing public interest in higher education.
    November 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12197   open full text
  • Well‐being in the Welfare State: the redistributive capacity of education.
    Janine Jongbloed, Ashley Pullman.
    European Journal of Education. November 21, 2016
    Focusing on the macro‐micro interaction between institutional arrangements and individual life outcomes, this article investigates how welfare régime types impact the association between education and well‐being, as measured by satisfaction with life. Theorising with Esping‐Andersen's ideal‐typical welfare régime typology, we hypothesise that decommodified institutional arrangements reduce the association between education and well‐being through compensatory social protections for at‐risk individuals, while stratifying forces strengthen this association. These results are only partly supported; we find that Conservative Welfare States show the most robust association, whilst Liberal and Social‐Democratic Welfare States display weaker relationships. Thus, stratification appears to play a more important role than decommodification in moderating this association. We also examine potential mediating factors and how they differ between welfare régime types, finding that health and income mediate the effects of education on well‐being to varying degrees.
    November 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12196   open full text
  • When Complexity Meets Evidence in Governance….
    Lorenz Lassnigg.
    European Journal of Education. November 05, 2016
    There is no abstract available for this paper.
    November 05, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12195   open full text
  • Governance Dynamics and the Application of the Multilevel Governance Approach in Vocational Education and Training (VET) in the European Neighbourhood Countries: the case of the ENPI South region.
    J. Manuel Galvin Arribas.
    European Journal of Education. October 28, 2016
    This article analyses moves towards good multilevel governance approaches in Vocational Education and Training (VET) as an effective way to improve VET policy making in transition and developing countries, focusing on the Southern Neighbourhood of the EU (ENPI South). The centralised approaches in public administration and to VET governance still prevail in this region. The new modes of governance applied by the EU in the policy area of education and training are based on the Open Method of Coordination (OMC). They are a source of inspiration to improve VET governance, taking into account the complexity of VET policies and systems. According to current European and international experiences, the most effective, relevant and attractive VET models and systems are demand‐driven. They rely on the effective and accountable participation of both state (national/local public actors) and non‐state VET stakeholders (e.g. employers, sectoral actors, unions) in decision‐making and policy implementation processes. This could also pave the way towards self‐governed and performance‐based VET provider institutions which would give quicker responses to rapidly changing labour market skills, competences and qualification needs. Thus, this means putting in practice more and better inclusion and effective cooperation and coordination of regional and local voices of VET actors and developing stronger social partnerships to engage employers, unions and civil society in shaping and investing in skills development. Furthermore, the role of methodological tools for VET governance is not only to provide an analytical ground to capture data and structure further policy advice. These tools can also be used as ice‐breakers to improve collaboration, inclusiveness, multi‐participation and trust‐building among policy makers as they work together on very sensitive issues such as reviewing country VET governance models, modes and institutional arrangements, and/or planning policy thinking and/or learning for implementing coordination mechanisms for VET policy making. The European Training Foundation (ETF) has implemented a methodology to map, analyse and self‐assess good multilevel governance in VET, inspired by how EU governance soft tools in education and training are being used. This methodology has been applied to the Governance for Employability in the Mediterranean (GEMM) project in the ENPI South region, which is a regional project implemented by the ETF and financed by the European Commission's Directorate General for Neighbourhood and Enlargements Negotiations (NEAR).
    October 28, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12190   open full text
  • Steering Dynamics in the Dutch Education System.
    Sietske Waslander, Edith Hooge, Tineke Drewes.
    European Journal of Education. October 28, 2016
    Based on detailed empirical analyses, we paint a layered picture of emerging steering dynamics. Inspired by Foucault, we put the focus on roles stakeholders define both for themselves and others, how they give sense to policy, how they work together in policy elaboration and implementation, and the subtle and sometimes deceitful function of soft policy instruments such as information, communication, support and research. The policy to stimulate ‘schools as learning organisations' in secondary education in the Netherlands is used as a case study. The Dutch education system is one of the most decentralised en complex systems in the world. While central Government aims to turn schools into learning organisations, it has no formal responsibility nor any direct means of control in this area. The study draws information from (1) relevant government reports, policy documents and websites and (2) semi‐structured interviews with key actors. Data analysis consisted of data reduction through coding and memoing, data displays in tables and networks, and drawing and verifying conclusions. In the ground layer of the steering picture, we reconstruct how ‘schools as learning organisations' came to be a topic for Government policy. The next layer identifies 20 (networks of) actors who play a substantial role in steering. The mutual relationships between the main actors are manifold, while funding appears to be an important means for the Ministry to position actors in a steering network. A wide array of steering modes was identified. The last step in our analysis adds a dynamic element to the picture, as we look at how different actors interact, starting with how actors envision their own steering roles and the role of others. The non‐complementary role definitions that were identified in the documents, were confirmed in the interviews. Our results illustrate, in Foucault's terminology, different processes of responsibilisation and normalisation. Above all, the study illustrates that the theoretical framework provides a promising starting point for the empirical study of steering dynamics in complex education systems.
    October 28, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12188   open full text
  • Steering Dynamics in Complex Education Systems. An Agenda for Empirical Research.
    Henno Theisens, Edith Hooge, Sietske Waslander.
    European Journal of Education. October 17, 2016
    Many policy systems and education systems have grown more complex in the last three decades. Power has moved away from central governments in different directions: upwards towards international organisations, sideways towards private institutions and non‐governmental organisations and downwards towards local governments and public enterprises such as schools. Where once we had central government, we now have governance, which can be defined as the processes of establishing priorities, formulating and implementing policies, and being accountable in complex networks with many different actors. Steering in such complex education systems emerges from the activities, tasks and responsibilities of state and non‐state actors, operating at different levels and from different positions and often has un‐deliberate, un‐intentional and un‐foreseen consequences. There are many conceptual models that encapsulate this complexity, but this article suggests that there is a real need for empirical research. Without empirical research it remains unknown whether and how steering in complex networks works out in practice, what are its effects and for whom. Moreover, it is only through empirical research that we can find out whether central government has become less dominant, or rather whether its appearance has changed and it has become less visible, but not necessarily less influential. Foucault's governmentality perspective is a useful notion on which to build such a framework for empirical research which allows for a careful study of the interactions that signify steering. Inspired by Foucault, this article develops a trilogy of assumed conditions for steering to take effect in modern societies. Following this reasoning, ‘something' first needs to be made thinkable, calculable and practicable by different actors for steering to occur. This trilogy is a promising starting point for empirical research into very specific phenomena which can help us to understand how steering in complex education systems works.
    October 17, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12187   open full text
  • Complex Education Systems: from steering change to governance.
    Alain Michel.
    European Journal of Education. October 06, 2016
    The theories and approaches of steering/monitoring a process of change within education systems have evolved over the last 20 years or so as a result of many factors such as globalisation and decentralisation, a faster pace of change, increasing expectations and demands from various stakeholders (parents, employers, teacher unions, etc.) and the growing influence of OECD and of the EU in the field of education because of some more or less explicit standards and policy recommendations. All these evolutions contributed to increase the complexity of the education systems and of the instruments and procedures required to establish some coherence between the initiatives of a large number of more autonomous stakeholders. Our main objective here is to describe how the previous notions and concepts used in analysing the conditions for steering education systems have been gradually integrated within a larger paradigm: the ‘governance of multi‐level complex education systems’.
    October 06, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12186   open full text
  • Is Thorough Implementation of Policy Change in Education Actually Possible? What Complexity Theory Tells Us About Initiating and Sustaining Change.
    Mark Mason.
    European Journal of Education. October 06, 2016
    There is no abstract available for this paper.
    October 06, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12193   open full text
  • Identifying, Characterising and Assessing New Practices in Doctoral Education.
    Lukas Baschung.
    European Journal of Education. September 27, 2016
    Traditionally, European doctoral education has principally taken place within the binary relationship of professors and their doctoral students according to the apprenticeship model. However, in the last one to two decades, this model has been questioned. Governments and higher education institutions (HEIs) reform doctoral education by establishing and running structured doctoral programmes or Doctoral Schools. Inspired by American Graduate Schools, various forms of Doctoral Schools have been increasingly emerging in many European HEIs. This article identifies, characterises and critically assesses the principal changes in doctoral education practices introduced through Doctoral Schools on the basis of eight case studies carried out in Swiss and Norwegian HEIs. The empirical analysis results in the identification of six types of changes which concern doctoral students’ recruitment, curricular component, supervision, scientific exchange, tracking and their career. These changes lead to four kind of trends – which vary according to the case study – consisting of a structuring, standardisation and opening of doctoral education, whereas its academic character is maintained. If greater competitiveness, better scientific quality and higher graduating rates may be achieved, problems in terms of ‘brain drain’, workload, supervision, innovation and careers may even be reinforced or at least not completely solved.
    September 27, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12191   open full text
  • From Hard to Soft Governance in Multi‐level Education Systems.
    Harald Wilkoszewski, Eli Sundby.
    European Journal of Education. September 21, 2016
    Decision‐making in educations systems has become more complex: while decentralisation has moved the locus of power to lower governance levels, the central level still is held responsible for the quality of outcomes. As a consequence, new steering strategies have emerged that tend to apply softer modes of governance as opposed to harder ones in the past. This article aims at shedding empirical and conceptual light on these new developments. It compares two national examples for soft modes of governance with a supra‐national one (the EU's Open Method of Co‐ordination OMC) and argues that OMC might be both a useful analytical lens to categorise new steering mechanisms and a possibly promising policy strategy at the national level.
    September 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12189   open full text
  • The Determinants of Students’ Well‐being in Secondary Vocational Schools in Kosovo and Macedonia.
    Ardiana Gashi, Nikica Mojsoska‐Blazevski.
    European Journal of Education. August 01, 2016
    Students’ well‐being is crucial for learning motivation and effective learning, for their quality of life and their psychological health later in life. In this regard, this article investigates the factors that affect the well‐being of students in secondary vocational schools in Kosovo and Macedonia. It empirically examines determinants of students’ well‐being categorised into socio‐demographic factors, environment and socialisation, and satisfaction factors. It is based on an OLS regression analysis, using data from six secondary vocational schools in the two countries. Findings reveal that well‐being is determined to a great extent by students’ experience in school, particularly their perception of the usefulness of what they are learning for a future job, whether teachers are welcoming, and the friendliness of co‐students. Students who experience bullying are much less happy in school. These findings are important from a policy perspective, as they reveal that students’ well‐being is mainly determined by factors that can be controlled and influenced by schools and less so by factors that are not determined by schools. The evidence from this study can be used to strengthen the social inclusion role of vocational schools.
    August 01, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12181   open full text
  • EDITORIAL: Vocational schooling and social exclusion in the Western Balkans.
    Claire Gordon, Will Bartlett.
    European Journal of Education. July 26, 2016
    There is no abstract available for this paper.
    July 26, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12184   open full text
  • Access to the Albanian VET System: social, individual and school‐based barriers.
    Merita Xhumari, Sidita Dibra.
    European Journal of Education. July 26, 2016
    This article analyses the determinants of access to the VET system in Albania and its impact on the inclusion of young people and vulnerable groups. The VET system often attracts students who have completed the compulsory levels of education with weak academic results. Many come from families with a low level of income and a low education level. Skill development can make a positive contribution to social inclusion and is particularly important for Albania at a time of greater unemployment among young people, lack of proper skills and competences of the labour force, demographic changes, and high levels of emigration. Yet, Albania has the lowest enrolment rate in the vocational education and training (VET) system in the Western Balkans and a variety of factors hinders access to VET schools. This article draws on original research based on in‐depth interviews with national and local actors, school managers and parents, focus groups and structured survey questionnaires with teachers and students at three VET providers in Albania. It finds that social, individual and school‐based factors all place barriers for enrolment of children from disadvantaged backgrounds in the VET system and that this contributes to the wider landscape of social exclusion in Albania.
    July 26, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12185   open full text
  • From VET School to the Labour Market in Bosnia and Herzegovina: expected versus actual wages.
    Nina Branković, Nermin Oruč.
    European Journal of Education. July 21, 2016
    This article analyses the differences between expected and actual wages of VET students and graduates. It uses a survey of VET students enrolled in schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and data about employed VET graduates from the Labour Force Survey. The model of determinants of wages, expected or actual, estimated separately on each dataset, reveals important differences in factors affecting individuals’ expectations and actual experience of the labour market. The results show that women have lower expected and actual wages than men. The same applies for those living in rural areas. The comparison between the two models suggests that VET students are well informed about their labour market (dis)advantages. The findings are similar to those reported in other studies that analysed expected and actual wages of university graduates.
    July 21, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12180   open full text
  • The Determinants of Non‐Cognitive Education: does the school matter? Empirical evidence from Spain.
    Javier Suárez Pandiello, Marián García Valiñas, Manuel A. Muñiz.
    European Journal of Education. July 18, 2016
    The literature on the economics of education emphasises the relevance of the cognitive and non‐cognitive dimensions of educational results. However, the latter have been ignored in the empirical literature that focuses on the measurement and evaluation of outcomes in secondary education. This article analyses non‐cognitive outcomes using a survey on some 5,500 15‐year‐old pupils at grant‐aided and public schools in Spain for the 2010‐2011 academic year. Our results show that school ownership does not have a significant impact on non‐cognitive educational outcomes. However, other school‐specific characteristics do matter, for example, the student's peer group. With regard to individual and family characteristics, we found some new variables that should be considered in the case of affective education. Therefore, some traditional explanatory factors (such as socioeconomic attributes) lose significance and other variables (such as the father's age) emerge as significant explanatory factors of non‐cognitive educational results.
    July 18, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12179   open full text
  • Agenda‐setting for VET policy in the Western Balkans: employability versus social inclusion.
    Will Bartlett, Marina Cino Pagliarello.
    European Journal of Education. July 15, 2016
    For the last decade, the Western Balkan countries have sought to modernise their vocational education and training (VET) systems, adapting them to the needs of their emerging market economies. Within the framework of the EU accession process, the policy agenda for VET policies has been strongly influenced by a range of international and domestic policy entrepreneurs. This complex policy process has given rise to tension between policies that seek to frame the problem as one of employability and skill mismatch on the one hand and those that frame the problem as a challenge of social inclusion on the other. By examining the VET policy process in the Western Balkans, we show that national policies have been more strongly oriented towards the promotion of employability and the adaptation of VET systems to labour market needs, rather than to policies designed to overcome social exclusion and discrimination. Among the factors driving this economistic view of VET, we underscore the roles of various domestic and international policy entrepreneurs, including ministries in charge of education, employment and social policy, social partners, the European Commission, and bilateral and multilateral donors. We conclude that increased cooperation is needed between international and domestic policy entrepreneurs who favour inclusive education systems in order to place social inclusion higher up on the VET policy agenda.
    July 15, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12182   open full text
  • The Embodiment of Class in the Croatian VET School System.
    Karin Doolan, Natalija Lukić, Nikola Buković.
    European Journal of Education. July 07, 2016
    This article engages with the notion that schools embody social class in their structures and practices. We draw on Bourdieu's critical concept of ‘field’ to describe the larger landscape of Croatian secondary schooling: a stratified system whose routes serve, and have served, to reinforce the maintenance of class (under)privilege. We also draw on the concept of ‘institutional habitus’, an analytical extension of Bourdieu's concept of ‘habitus’ to school settings, in order to capture how schools produce and reproduce class distinctions through their status, expressive order, curriculum and organisational characteristics. We ‘load’ these concepts with empirical meaning based on interview and focus group data we collected from students, teachers and parents in three, three‐year vocational schools in Croatia, finding that these schools embody a working‐class ‘habitus’. Students in these schools tend to come from less privileged family backgrounds than students in four‐year schools, practical subjects are prioritised over the academic, on‐the‐job training over school work and the schools are fairly under‐resourced.
    July 07, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12183   open full text
  • Innovation, Skills, and Adult Learning: two or three things we know about them.
    Stéphan Vincent‐Lancrin.
    European Journal of Education. May 14, 2016
    There is no abstract available for this paper.
    May 14, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12174   open full text
  • Work Organisation, Forms of Employee Learning and National Systems of Education and Training.
    Edward Lorenz, Bengt‐Åke Lundvall, Erika Kraemer‐Mbula, Palle Rasmussen.
    European Journal of Education. May 14, 2016
    This article uses a multi‐level framework to investigate for 17 European nations the links between forms of work organisation and style of employee learning at the workplace on the one hand, and the characteristics of national educational and training systems on the other. The analysis shows that forms of work organisation characterised by relatively high levels of employee discretion and learning are more likely to be adopted in nations with broad‐based systems of education and training that recognise the value of both academic and vocational training and provide ample opportunities for continuing adult education. Furthermore, it shows that employees with low levels of formal education have better access to jobs involving organisational learning in countries with more developed adult education systems. The results point to the need to balance policies designed to increase tertiary education rates with a commitment of resources at both the EU and national levels to develop broad and inclusive systems of lifelong learning.
    May 14, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12177   open full text
  • Fostering Entrepreneurial Learning On‐the‐Job: evidence from innovative small and medium‐sized companies in Europe.
    Yvette Baggen, Thomas Lans, Harm J. A. Biemans, Jarl Kampen, Martin Mulder.
    European Journal of Education. May 14, 2016
    As economies become more innovation‐driven, the need for entrepreneurial behaviour amongst employees working for existing companies increases in order to enhance the organisations’ capacity to develop new ideas, products and services. Hence, entrepreneurial learning and the development of entrepreneurial competencies of employees on‐the‐job become more important. One of the most crucial competencies in this regard is the ability to identify potential business opportunities, referred to as opportunity identification competence (OIC). In this empirical study, antecedents of OIC were investigated in a small and medium‐sized business context. Based on the 3‐P (i.e. presage, process, product) model, specific learner, work environment, and process factors influencing OIC as an outcome variable were studied. More than 200 employees from 12 companies completed a questionnaire. Results of a backward regression analysis underline the importance of investing in programmes that focus on entrepreneurial learning at the shop floor level, trusting employees that they are capable of actively participating in the early stages of innovation and the crucial role of owner‐managers to support entrepreneurial employee activities.
    May 14, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12171   open full text
  • Adult Learning in Innovative Organisations.
    Dorothy Sutherland Olsen.
    European Journal of Education. May 14, 2016
    The relationship between learning and innovation has been a central theme in studies of innovation (Fagerberg et al., 2005, Borras & Edquist, 2014, Lundvall & Johnsen, 1994). Studies of the workplace have also claimed a relationship between skills or training and a firm's ability to innovate (Toner, 2011). Recent studies of innovation in European firms (Arundal et al., 2007) included surveys on organisational contexts and suggested that some organisational forms were especially conducive to learning and innovation. Studies of the learning context or of training and skills development often refer to, or make assumptions about learning, without explaining who is learning or how this learning is occurring. This article supplements some of these earlier surveys by carrying out in‐depth qualitative studies of learners in innovative organisations in Norway. The organisation of activities and the learning environments are analysed. This is supplemented by information on local HRM practice and strategies for skills development and training. The data include information on formal and informal learning of participants working within product development. We then discuss how these workers draw upon their learning in their everyday work and how their everyday work provides the opportunity for new learning. By linking HRM and innovation, this article offers a novel way of studying adult learning in the workplace and adds to our understanding of how it contributes to economic success.
    May 14, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12170   open full text
  • Complex Problem‐Solving Skills and Innovativeness – Evidence From Occupational Testing and Regional Data.
    Peer Ederer, Alexander Patt, Samuel Greiff.
    European Journal of Education. May 14, 2016
    There is no abstract available for this paper.
    May 14, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12176   open full text
  • Factors That Promote Innovativeness and Being An Innovative Learner At Work – Results From PIAAC.
    Liv Anne Støren.
    European Journal of Education. May 05, 2016
    In this article, innovative activity is considered in the light of broader conceptualisations of innovativeness and what it means to be innovative. Central to the definition of innovativeness used in the analysis is that the worker actively seeks new knowledge and uses it for work‐related tasks. This is based on previous research emphasising learning‐by‐doing, taking new knowledge into use and learning organisations. Innovativeness is analysed for Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands and Norway. Data from the PIAAC survey of adult skills are examined to identify key factors involved in promoting innovative behaviours at work. Significant country differences are found. Findings suggest that the work profiles of the workers, the work environment and the intensity of training and learning are very important for the innovative capabilities of the workforce.
    May 05, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12173   open full text
  • Learning Strategies in Enterprises: empirical findings, implications and perspectives for the immediate future.
    Ulrik Brandi, Rosa Lisa Iannone.
    European Journal of Education. April 27, 2016
    The article examines learning strategies at the enterprise level, conceptualising them into three main dimensions: learning systems and incentives, connecting to the affective dimension of learning which behavioural learning addresses effectively; skills’ development, chiefly addressing the cognitive dimension of learning to which cognitive and action learning principles can be applied; and, work design and the organisation of work, which attend to the structural dimension of learning and socio‐cultural approaches. Through this conceptual understanding, we empirically explored the learning strategies of 194 enterprises, searching for the most pressing needs and commitments to learning. Our results show that enterprises struggle to find the optimal balance between the use of systematic and ad‐hoc arrangements of learning systems and incentives, yet they must emphasise intrinsic needs as a key business strategy, systematise certain aspects of HR, whilst minimising the negative effects of status distinction, hierarchy and bureaucracy. They must also address the pervasive effects of stress and burnouts. Most especially, enterprises must address the gap between the high valuation of soft skills and the low investment in developing them. Methods equipping enterprises with clear calculations for return on investment in soft skills' training are needed. These issues can be effectively addressed by strengthening networks and communities of practice, fostering greater awareness of public funds and public‐sponsored opportunities, investing in public‐private research and backing the greater recognition of on‐the‐job learning.
    April 27, 2016   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12178   open full text
  • International Influences on Post‐Soviet Armenian Education.
    Shelley Terzian.
    European Journal of Education. December 29, 2015
    This article analyses the most recent international influences on Armenian education, illustrating how international standards are driving post‐Soviet reform in the Armenian Secondary Schools. Since 1991, when Armenia became independent from the Soviet Union, organisations such as the World Bank and the Open Society Institute Assistance Foundation‐Armenia (OSIAF‐A) played a crucial role in creating and implementing the Armenian National Curriculum (Curriculum) and State Standards for Secondary Education throughout the education system. In addition, in 2005, the Armenian Government and the Ministry of Education signed the Bologna Process, affirming the alignment of higher education with the international standards of the EU.
    December 29, 2015   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12143   open full text
  • Two Decades of E‐Learning Policy Evolution at EU Level: motivations, institutions and instruments.
    Florin D. Salajan, Elizabeth A. Roumell.
    European Journal of Education. September 22, 2015
    This article records and documents the historical development of e‐learning policies at EU level by conducting a discourse and content analysis of four key e‐learning policy documents drafted and implemented by the European Commission over the past 20 years: Learning in the Information Society: Action Plan for a European Education Initiative (1996), the eLearning Action Plan (2001), the eLearning Programme (2003) and the Lifelong Learning Programme (2006). The themes teased out from the analysis reveal a gradual consolidation of e‐learning policy at EU level, indicating the emergence of an increasingly coherent and formal approach to supporting e‐learning initiatives for the benefit of actors at Member State level. The forging of a ‘European dimension’ in e‐learning projects represents the hallmark of these EU policies, but it remains to be seen whether the EU institutions will continue to devote similar attention to and place particular focus on e‐learning as a distinct policy priority in the years to come.
    September 22, 2015   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12144   open full text
  • Determinants of Research Productivity in Spanish Academia.
    Cecilia Albert, María A. Davia, Nuria Legazpe.
    European Journal of Education. September 22, 2015
    This article aims to widen the empirical evidence about the determinants of Spanish academics’ publication productivity across fields of study. We use the Spanish Survey on Human Resources in Science and Technology addressed to Spanish resident PhDs employed in Spanish universities as academics. Productivity is measured as the total number of publications in a three‐year period. We show how personal and academic variables explain differences in productivity within universities and fields of studies and across fields of research. Female workers report lower productivity than their male counterparts, but family responsibilities do not explain this gender gap. The type of contract and tenure or rank do not seem to have any influence on productivity. Researchers seeking professional promotion rather than altruism or personal satisfaction are more productive and young scholars publish more than their older counterparts. Additionally, we find a certain research‐teaching trade‐off and some nuances in the predictors of publication productivity across birth cohorts and fields of study. Finally, international cooperation is one of the most relevant determinants of the number of publications, regardless of the birth cohort. The institutional context in the Spanish research system as regards requirements for promotion and the assessment of research outcomes may contribute to the understanding and interpretation of our results.
    September 22, 2015   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12142   open full text
  • Between Efficiency and Transformation: the opinion of deans on the meaning of quality in higher education.
    Jon Olaskoaga‐Larrauri, Miren Barrenetxea‐Ayesta, Antonio Cardona‐Rodríguez, Juan José Mijangos‐Del Campo, Marta Barandiaran‐Galdós.
    European Journal of Education. September 22, 2015
    The literature on quality management at higher education institutions has for some time been working on the basis of two issues: a) the diversity of ideas as to what “quality” means, which makes it harder to apply the principles of quality management in this context; and b) the idea that this diversity is in some way a response to the different positions occupied by stakeholders in regard to the processes and institutions of the sector. It has been suggested that students, employers, administrations in charge of funding and academics may hold different positions concerning the purposes of universities and, therefore, concerning the criteria on which their quality should be assessed. However, those stakeholders have rarely been asked directly what concept of quality they defend. This paper presents the results of a survey of deans of Spanish university faculties and schools in which this question was put to them. Their answers contrast with some of the commonplaces of current literature.
    September 22, 2015   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12141   open full text
  • The Road Travelled in Europe towards the 2020 European Objectives in Education. A Spanish Perspective.
    María Luz Martínez Seijo, Juan Carlos Torrego Seijo.
    European Journal of Education. April 28, 2015
    From the beginning of the European Community to the current EU there have been important steps in education cooperation between the participating countries. In this article, we analyse the facts and difficulties that influence the educational policy of the EU to reach agreements and the facts that define common work until the year 2020, mainly under the principle of subsidiarity or complementarity. We also discuss the way to work in the different administrative political systems of the EU countries, i.e. centralised, federal and decentralised countries and how these systems influence education policies. Another objective of this article is to discuss the role of National Agencies in the development of European programmes in the different administrative political systems and their structure. We analyse the European framework so that the European objectives in education can be developed in the Member States.
    April 28, 2015   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12128   open full text
  • Does Europe Matter? A Comparative Study of Young People's Identifications with Europe at a State School and a European School in England.
    Nicola Savvides, Daniel Faas.
    European Journal of Education. April 28, 2015
    This article explores the extent to which young people in predominantly middle‐class environments identify with Europe and considers the influence of European education policy, school ethos and curricula. We compare data drawn from individual and focus group interviews with students aged 15–17 at a state school and a European School in England. The empirical analysis was informed by post‐structuralism and found that young people at both schools developed multidimensional, multifaceted identities. Students at the European School, which has an ethos of developing both national and European identities, identified themselves more as European than their peers at the state school, which integrated students on the basis of a common British citizenship. The findings suggest that the policy on the European dimension in education contributes towards developing students’ identification with Europe and to their knowledge of Europe, though not at the expense of their ethnic and national identities, which were stronger than their European identities. Lack of a European dimension in education (both in and out of school) seems to result in a lack of identification with and knowledge about Europe.
    April 28, 2015   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12127   open full text
  • School Leader Appraisal — A Tool to Strengthen School Leaders' Pedagogical Leadership and Skills for Teacher Management?
    Thomas Radinger.
    European Journal of Education. June 02, 2014
    With increasing school autonomy, often coupled with greater accountability requirements, school leaders are increasingly responsible for new human resource management tasks. Policies to improve the teaching workforce, therefore, cannot do without policies to improve the school leadership profession. Teachers' effectiveness depends, among others, on effective school leaders who shape teachers' working environment and influence their motivations. Furthermore, as recent research indicates, school leaders are the second most important school‐level factor affecting, even if mainly indirectly through their influence on teachers, student learning after classroom instruction. Considering the role school leaders play for the effective school‐level management of teachers and for teaching and learning through their pedagogical leadership, it is essential that school leaders are adequately prepared and supported for their role. As part of their school reform programmes, more and more countries have been introducing a range of evaluation and assessment policies to improve school, school leadership and teaching practices. The individual appraisal of schools leaders and teachers is a key component of evaluation and assessment policies. This article explores if, and how, individual school leader appraisal can develop school leaders' pedagogical leadership, a key element of which is teacher management. It analyses the policy approaches of several European countries and the extent to which formal frameworks in these countries focus on developing pedagogical leadership. The article concludes with ideas for policy to strengthen appraisal as a tool to improve school leaders' practices and behaviours and their competencies for pedagogical leadership and teacher management.
    June 02, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12085   open full text
  • Teacher Competence Frameworks in Europe: policy‐as‐discourse and policy‐as‐practice.
    Francesca Caena.
    European Journal of Education. May 26, 2014
    This article analyses the growing focus on teacher competences in European policy discourse against the backdrop of global convergences in education reforms. It traces key ideas, policy recommendations, peer learning and documents which underscore the relevance of teacher quality for education improvement, as recently stressed in the European Commission Communication and Staff Working Documents Rethinking Education. The intertwining of teacher competence frameworks with other areas of education policy is outlined — key competences in school education, the quality of initial teacher education, and the continuous professional development of teachers — teasing out reasons for their central role. Some insights from research and peer learning then explore key implications in the defining and implementing of teacher competence frameworks in national education systems. A comparative viewpoint further analyses current policy trends about teacher competences across European national contexts, in discourse and practice. In order to do so, a framework of analysis takes into account system features as key variables affecting national policy — roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, governance and education cultures, and the status of the teaching profession. Across the variety of policy practices, the analysis endeavours to trace some emerging patterns and trends, highlighting paradigmatic national examples, with some food for thought.
    May 26, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12088   open full text
  • Teacher Educators: hidden professionals?
    Kay Livingston.
    European Journal of Education. April 24, 2014
    The pace of change in today's society means that there is an ongoing need for teachers to learn, have new knowledge and use new pedagogical approaches to meet the needs of their pupils. For many teachers, this requires redefining their identity as teachers and what ‘teaching’ means in 21st century learning environments. These changes also require teachers to be supported in learning to ‘teach’ in different ways that are relevant to their own individual needs and to the contexts in which they work throughout their career. In this article, it is argued that a more integrated and collaborative approach to teacher education is needed with better understanding of those who take up the roles of teacher educator across a teacher's career. With a particular emphasis on ‘teacher educators’ working in school to support teachers' career‐long professional learning it is argued that currently many do not recognise themselves as teacher educators nor are they recognised by those they work with as teacher educators. Drawing on an empirical study carried out with mentors in schools in Scotland, it is suggested that these teacher educators may be ‘unrecognised’ and remain ‘hidden professionals’ because of the identities they construct for themselves, the values and priorities that they or others attach to their roles or because of the institutional structures and cultures in which they work. It is concluded that it will be difficult to recognise and value these ‘hidden teacher educators’ and the distinctive contribution they can make to teachers' career‐long professional learning without further clarification by them and others of the roles and responsibilities they hold.
    April 24, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12074   open full text
  • Reflective Journal Writing as a Tool to Teach Aspects of Social Studies.
    Samih M. Al‐karasneh.
    European Journal of Education. April 22, 2014
    This article analyses the impact of a constructivist approach to learning in Jordan, where a traditional context of passive/receptive philosophy of teaching prevails. Student teachers were introduced to journal writing. It was expected that their experiences with journal writing would afford them a better understanding of how it would affect their learning to teach social education. Thirty students were given a short course in journal writing as a reflective learning tool in their final placement. The schools operated passive/receptive approaches to learning and the students in the sample had experienced this throughout their own schooling. The impact of the course was assessed using semi‐structured interviews. Some students found the experience stressful, but 75% found it fruitful and motivating.
    April 22, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12084   open full text
  • Creating and Sustaining Inquiry Spaces For Teacher Learning and System Transformation.
    Linda Kaser, Judy Halbert.
    European Journal of Education. April 08, 2014
    Over a 15‐year period, one Western Canadian province, British Columbia, has been exploring the potential of inquiry learning networks to deepen teacher professional learning and to influence the system as a whole. During this time, we have learned a great deal about shifting practice through inquiry networks. In this article, we provide a description of the key features of the inquiry framework that has evolved through this work, offer suggestions for creating and sustaining influential educator networks and provide some observations about how this approach is shifting practices at the classroom, school, university and policy levels.
    April 08, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12079   open full text
  • Teacher Education and Curriculum Change in Scotland.
    Graham Donaldson.
    European Journal of Education. April 04, 2014
    The dynamic forces shaping education in the 21st century have led countries across the world to pursue sweeping educational reforms. Despite significant investment and radical approaches including system and organisational restructuring, managerialism and marketisation, evidence of sustained impact in the classroom remains elusive. Using the example of an emerging systemic approach to educational change in Scotland, this article analyses an aligned approach to improvement, encompassing teaching, leadership, curriculum, self evaluation and related structural support. In this context, it becomes necessary to re‐imagine the profession of teaching as one in which teachers are active as authors and drivers of educational change and career‐long professional growth is the norm. The emerging approach to reform in Scotland reflects this interpretation of effective reform. Its curriculum reform, ‘Curriculum for Excellence’, focuses on the development of capacities in young people and is much less prescriptive than traditional forms of curriculum development. Scotland's now well‐established approach to inspection and self‐evaluation provides a further pillar in the overall reform programme. More recently, major developments have been set in train in relation to teacher education and school leadership. Following a fundamental review of teacher education, a radical and systemic programme of reform of the teaching profession is now under way. The article outlines the main features of the approach and considers the main factors which will influence its likelihood of success.
    April 04, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12077   open full text
  • Implications of Research on Effective Learning Environments for Initial Teacher Education.
    Lindsey Conner, Anne Sliwka.
    European Journal of Education. April 04, 2014
    As a result of multi‐disciplinary research on learning, a consistent and comprehensive body of knowledge on effective learning environments is currently emerging (OECD 2010). While this evidence is increasingly influencing the academic and policy discourse on the improvement and innovation of schools, its impact on the design principles of effective initial teacher education has been limited so far. In this paper, the seven transversal learning principles published in the 2010 OECD publication The Nature of Learning: Using Research to Inspire Practice serve as a framework for systematic reflections on how learning research on effective learning environments can inform initial teacher education and how the seven transversal learning principles can contribute to greater coherence and alignment in initial teacher education programs. We consider the implications of The Nature of Learning and other research on teacher education, alongside international examples of next practice, concluding that initial teacher education should model effective student learning.
    April 04, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12081   open full text
  • Induction and Early‐career Support of Teachers in Europe.
    Milena Valenčič Zuljan, Barica Marentič Požarnik.
    European Journal of Education. March 24, 2014
    The deep economic, social, technological and cultural changes in Europe represent a real challenge for teacher education. The teacher's role is becoming more complex and demanding, while the expectations of society are rising. Teachers are expected not only to enable optimal development of increasingly heterogeneous groups of pupils, but also to mitigate the effects of social inequality. All this requires qualitative changes in pre‐service and in‐service teacher education. In this regard, the transition from school/university to professional life — the induction period and early career years — requires special attention. In this phase, a fruitful synthesis of theory and practice can occur if novices are systematically introduced and supported by good mentoring in the transition from study to school life and culture, but a ‘practice shock’ is also possible during which many positive effects of pre‐service education are lost. Our aim is to identify some principles and optimal solutions that would foster teacher's professional development in this important phase of their career.
    March 24, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12080   open full text
  • Implications of the Bologna Process for Throughput in the Higher Education Sector: an empirical illustration based on a Finnish‐British comparison.
    Matti Lindberg.
    European Journal of Education. March 20, 2014
    This study illustrates the differences between Finnish and British graduates in the higher education‐to‐work transition and related market mechanisms in the year 2000. Specifically, the differences between the Finnish and British students' academic careers and ability to find employment after graduation were evaluated in relation to the Finnish HE policy that hastens the entry of new graduates into the labour market. The Finnish HE system is representative of a system that operates in an occupation‐specific and relatively strictly‐regulated labour market context, whereas the labour market context for the British HE system is essentially the most liberal in Europe. The results of the study suggest that it is not the length of the first degree programmes per se that determines the throughput of the HE sector, but the relative emphasis placed on the opportunity structures pertaining to HE participation and on career mobility in the labour market.
    March 20, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12075   open full text
  • Selective acquiescence, creative commitment and strategic conformity: situated national policy responses to Bologna.
    Cristina Sin, Murray Saunders.
    European Journal of Education. January 15, 2014
    The non‐binding nature of the Bologna Declaration and loose policy‐making and implementation through the open method of coordination (OMC) have led to varied national responses to the Bologna Process. The OMC has allowed countries room for manoeuvre to interpret Bologna policy and attach different degrees of importance to it. Looking at the interplay between agency and structure in policy implementation, this article aims to illustrate the localised character of Bologna policy implementation driven by national priorities and political agendas, a reflection of the ‘policy as text’ metaphor (Ball, 1994). The analysis is driven by an agentic understanding of the policy process, highlighting ‘actors’ perceptions, perspectives, preferences, actions and interactions' (Trowler, 2002). Three different country reactions are examined — England, Portugal and Denmark, described as selective acquiescence, creative commitment and strategic conformity to capture the essence of the cases in question. In analysing the countries' responses, the article considers national readings of Bologna, motivations behind responses to the Process, as well as its reception and implementation at national level.
    January 15, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12072   open full text
  • Equity in an Educational Boom: lessons from the expansion and marketisation of tertiary schooling in Poland.
    Mikolaj Herbst, Jakub Rok.
    European Journal of Education. January 15, 2014
    This article shows how the probability of enrolment in tertiary schools has evolved for different social groups in Poland during the period of the educational boom. It also analyses how the socio‐economic status influences the choices between full‐time and part‐time studies (the latter being of relatively low quality), and the probability of admission to subsidised, free programmes versus programmes with tuition fees. Between 1994 and 2008, Poland improved the participation of students with a low socio‐economic status in university education. However, if we look at the change in the ratios of enrolment probabilities for different layers of the social strata, we find that the improvement refers to those with a low family educational background who live in small cities, but not to those from low income families. Further investigation shows that the policy makers should focus not only on ensuring equal access to tertiary education for all social strata, but on allowing the unprivileged groups access to education of acceptable quality.
    January 15, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12068   open full text
  • The Future Starts in the Past. The Loss of the Spiritual Centre of the University.
    Kristof K.P. Vanhoutte.
    European Journal of Education. January 15, 2014
    Discussion on the crisis in/of the humanities and in/of the university institution has in the past decades become ubiquitous. The surge of literature on the subject strongly suggests that the problem is a genuine one. However, the variety of explanations that have been offered not only have brought along confusion, but the majority of these explanations also neglect the historical development of higher education. As such, they tend to underestimate the scale of the problems affecting the humanities and higher education. This article seeks to investigate an alternative explanation that takes into consideration the history of the changing ‘value’ of humanities within higher education. In doing so, the legacy of postmodernism is considered and the idea of a ‘spiritual centre’ of the university and its relation to the humanities is put forth and explored. The article concludes with some contemplations on a possible way out of the current crisis in the humanities and in higher education.
    January 15, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12070   open full text
  • Next Generations, Catwalks, Random Walks and Arms Races: conceptualising the development of quality assurance schemes.
    Don F. Westerheijden, Bjørn Stensaker, Maria J. Rosa, Anne Corbett.
    European Journal of Education. January 15, 2014
    The emergence and development of quality assurance schemes in European countries over the last 15–20 years has inspired many national case studies of the systems and procedures adopted. The methods, contexts, and procedures associated with this policy change are diverse. But although individual countries have set about changing policy in different ways there appear to be some common developmental patterns within the Europe of the Bologna Process. How can these developments be conceptualised? In a first step this paper advances a typology based on the quality assurance literature. In a second step, the paper applies the typology to quality assurance developments in three countries. The third part of the paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the modelling approach in the light of the empirical evidence and a political science analysis of policy change. The paper concludes with a discussion on future directions for the comparative study of policy change within the European Higher Education Area on the basis of this conceptualisation of developments in quality assurance policy.
    January 15, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12071   open full text
  • The Efficiency of Public Spending on Education: an empirical comparison of EU countries.
    Tommaso Agasisti.
    European Journal of Education. January 13, 2014
    Recent policy suggestions from the European Community underlined the importance of ‘efficiency’ and ‘equity’ in the provision of education while, at the same time, the European countries are required to provide their educational services by minimizing the amount of public money devoted to them. In this article, an empirical study compares the spending efficiency on education in 20 European countries during the period 2006–2009. OECD‐PISA test scores are used as output, while the ‘expenditure per student’ is used as input. The efficiency scores are calculated via a bootstrap Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In a second stage, the efficiency scores are regressed against a set of context variables which represent the different socio‐economic settings (e.g. GDP per capita, unemployment rate, etc.) as well as some important ‘structural’ characteristics of the educational systems. Teachers' salaries and Internet use (as a proxy for technological ‘literacy’) play a positive role in affecting educational performance, while GDPpc is negatively related to efficiency. Lastly, Malmquist indexes are calculated to measure the change in efficiency in the period 2006–2009. The results showed that the average efficiency remained basically stable in the period.
    January 13, 2014   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12069   open full text
  • The Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework: what's academic practice got to do with it?
    Scott Fernie, Nick Pilcher, Karen L. Smith.
    European Journal of Education. November 06, 2013
    National Qualifications Frameworks (NQF) are a globally established and expanding phenomenon. They are increasingly merging and being mapped onto meta‐qualifications frameworks. One key NQF in both these roles is the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF). Much research categorises the different types of NQF, details their success and failure, and there is a steadily expanding body of critical research into NQF. Despite this, little research has focused on how NQF are used in day to day academic practice in the very institutions whose qualifications they frame. This article begins to redress this by focusing on the SCQF as an exemplar. It presents a synthesis between contemporary literature, a documentary analysis of SCQF literature and the data from interviews with 15 stakeholders in different educational roles. The findings show that, despite the claims of the SCQF literature and contemporary literature regarding the success of the SCQF, its diffusion and the extent of its use amongst these stakeholders are limited. Instead, it is used more as a symbolic tick box exercise and largely ignored. We discuss the implications of this and posit questions that challenge the focus of existing research into NQF and argue for a shift in the criteria by which they are judged from educational to market based ones.
    November 06, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12056   open full text
  • The Impact of the Transition to HE: emotions, feelings and sensations.
    Diana Dias, Maria José Sá.
    European Journal of Education. October 30, 2013
    Transition to Higher Education (HE) is a significant life event and it is supposed to be a very agreeable experience to students. However, such impact is not linear, being mediated by students' psychosocial variables and by their own perceptions concerning the HE environment. Transition to HE encompasses many tasks to cope with changes: dealing with new kinds of responsibilities and managing emotions. A wide variety of emotions take place in the HE transition, either of a positive or negative nature, such as joy of enrolment success and fears of social rejection. This research focused on the transition to HE, approaching freshmen's personal and developmental variables. Results confirm that the impact of transition has a mostly emotional nature and that related concerns differ according to students' gender and socio‐cultural background. With greater joy or greater anxiety, HE transition may be perceived as a stage of a long process towards adulthood.
    October 30, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12058   open full text
  • Assessing Quality in Early Childhood Education and Care.
    Karin Ishimine, Collette Tayler.
    European Journal of Education. September 09, 2013
    Evaluating quality in early childhood education and care (ECEC) service internationally is increasingly important. Research to date indicates that it is ‘high‐quality’ programmes that boost and sustain children's achievement outcomes over time. There is also growing interest in the accountability of public funds used for ECEC programmes and the types of measures that assess ECEC quality. This article reviews eleven existing instruments that were designed to assess global ECEC programmes and examines them in terms of their strengths and weaknesses as quality measurement tools and the adequacy of the measures to sufficiently reflect the context and purposes of the assessment. Through this process the authors identify directions for the development of new measures that are both theoretically and psychometrically sound.
    September 09, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12043   open full text
  • Living Together in European Intercultural Schools: the case of the Catalan school system (Spain).
    Fidel Molina, Núria Casado.
    European Journal of Education. August 15, 2013
    There are practical difficulties in making intercultural education a substantial element of inclusion in both primary and compulsory secondary education in Europe. The Spanish education system and, in particular, the Catalan education system, have developed a series of strategies in response to the new multicultural complexity encountered in both the classroom and society as a whole. In this study, several inclusive attempts of the Catalan education system will be discussed. As a consequence of their analysis, educational models that are compatible with the framework of inclusive education will be presented as an effective means of promoting greater social integration and a peaceful coexistence in the school context.
    August 15, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12044   open full text
  • Why is it Difficult to Grasp the Impacts of the Portuguese Quality Assurance System?
    Amélia Veiga, Maria João Rosa, Diana Dias, Alberto Amaral.
    European Journal of Education. August 12, 2013
    This article analyses the impacts of the Portuguese quality assurance system on academic cultures, using the Cultural Theory proposed by Douglas (1970, 1982) and developed by Thompson, Ellis and Wildavsky (1990) as an explanatory framework for Portuguese academics' preference formation in relation to quality assessment. The Portuguese higher education system has been undergoing a change of paradigm by moving from traditional collegial system to a legal framework influenced by New Public Management. The former institutional context, where academic collegiality was the basis of democratic decision, promoted the egalitarian way of life, where the group dimension is stronger. However, recent legislation has promoted two different logics. On the one hand it has decreased the influence of the group dimension by favouring individualistic values and beliefs. On the other, it has reinforced the grid dimension through greater centralisation of power and separation of roles of universities and polytechnics, thus promoting the hierarchic way of life. The new legislation framework has produced changes that have strongly modified traditional governance structures and mechanisms and are likely to affect academics' perceptions of quality assurance processes and impacts as much as they influence the development of beliefs and values.
    August 12, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12040   open full text
  • The Impact of Institutional Context, Education and Labour Market Policies on Early School Leaving: a comparative analysis of EU countries.
    Kristof De Witte, Ides Nicaise, Jeroen Lavrijsen, Georges Van Landeghem, Carl Lamote, Jan Van Damme.
    European Journal of Education. August 12, 2013
    This article presents a comparative analysis of the determinants of early school leaving (ESL) at the country level. We decompose ESL rates into two components: a ‘primary’ rate reflecting unqualified school leaving from initial education, and a second component accounting for early school leavers who participate in training programmes. Both may be influenced by structural and policy determinants. We examine how the ESL rate is affected by macro‐economic and social context variables such as GDP/capita, growth, poverty, and youth unemployment, as well as system characteristics of the education system (such as legal school leaving age, grade retention, early tracking, and size of vocational education) and the labour market and social protection systems (minimum wages, unemployment insurance).
    August 12, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12034   open full text
  • Developing a Framework and Agenda for Students' Voices in the School System across Europe: from diametric to concentric relational spaces for early school leaving prevention.
    Paul Downes.
    European Journal of Education. August 12, 2013
    There are significant lacunae in the otherwise highly progressive documents on early school leaving prevention from the European Commission and Council in 2011, as part of the EU2020 headline target of 10% early school leavers across the EU. These documents offer no explicit account or analysis of the voices of children and young people, nor vision of systemic accountability of schools to students’ needs. This article argues that key problems of early school leaving can be interpreted as system level blockages in communication, including blockage in communication of children's voices. It seeks to develop a conceptual framework for understanding relational systems by reinterpreting a particular dimension of the structuralist anthropology of Lévi‐Strauss’ cross‐cultural examination of systems of relation, namely, the interplay between diametric oppositional and concentric relational spaces. The theoretical framework proposed in this article will also seek to translate structural features of system change into structural indicators for system scrutiny and accountability. Identification of key structural indicators is to facilitate change beyond blocked, diametric school space and towards concentric relational spaces in the school system — based on diverse accounts of students’ voices and needs in specific European contexts, as part of a potential strategy at European level to prevent early school leaving. Emerging issues highlighted as an agenda for reform include authoritarian teaching, alternatives to suspension, splits in communication, emotional supports, teacher conflict resolution skills and substantive structures and processes for active student voices in school.
    August 12, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12035   open full text
  • Is There Anything Specific about Early School Leaving in Southeast Europe? A Review of Research and Policy.
    Ivana Jugović, Karin Doolan.
    European Journal of Education. August 12, 2013
    Studies on early school leaving (ESL) from countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia have been missing from the international early school leaving research map. As a contribution to remedying this, the article reviews research papers and strategic documents from these countries, guided by the general question whether there is anything specific about ESL in this region in comparison to the wider European research and policy context. The aspects of ESL examined include definitional similarities and differences, extent of ESL, dominant theoretical and methodological approaches, factors identified as impacting ESL as well as policy solutions. We find that Croatia and Slovenia are among the countries which have the lowest ESL rates in Europe. The findings of the reviewed research studies correspond to international research papers in terms of the following frequent risk factors for ESL: low economic and cultural family background, ethnic minority and migration status, type of school enrolled and motivation and academic achievement. There is a strong focus on Roma children early school leavers in all of the countries examined and Bosnia and Herzegovina stands out in the broader European context with the finding that girls from large, low socio‐economic status families, who live more than three kilometres away from school, are at particular risk of ESL. In discussing ESL, the reviewed studies tend to emphasise individual and family characteristics rather than also broader social constraints as ESL determinants, a practice also reflected in policy documents which do not mention the role of broader social and economic conditions shaping early school leaving.
    August 12, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12041   open full text
  • Some Aspects of Early School Leaving in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland.
    Margareta Cederberg, Nanny Hartsmar.
    European Journal of Education. August 12, 2013
    This article describes early school leaving in Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland, using examples to show a complex representation of early school leaving and its consequences for young people's subsequent access to the labour market. We show how measures taken by governments and school authorities in the respective countries have resulted in improvements for students in their transition from school to work. However, we also show that an educational system per se can create problems for both individuals and groups. Early school leaving increases the risk of unemployment, and if when permanent, about two years are spent out of school unemployed between the ages 16 and ‐20 this, increases the risk of the young person being marginalised and having health and social problems later in life.
    August 12, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12036   open full text
  • Early School Leavers and Social Disadvantage in Spain: from books to bricks and vice‐versa.
    Claudia Vallejo, Melinda Dooly.
    European Journal of Education. August 12, 2013
    It can be argued that in Spain there is a relationship between the high rates of early school leaving (ESL) and inactive or unemployed young people, as is evidenced by the current situation in which over half the working population aged 25 or younger is unemployed, many having completed compulsory education only. ESL and its social and economic consequences must be considered within the parameters and expectations of the Spanish labour market and how these expectations are/were linked to demands (or not) for continued education. This article considers the monumental social, political and economic changes that have occurred in Spain during a short span of time (including the real estate crash of 2008 and subsequent economic crisis), and how these issues intersect with measures that directly concern the educational system. It also considers a variety of endogenous and exogenous factors related to the Spanish educational system, and the impact these have on rates of ESL. The article ends with a discussion of policies and practices that may reduce ESL rates and help transform the Spanish general perception of early school leavers from a ‘lost generation’ to a generation of young people with potential for helping Spain move out of its current economic crisis.
    August 12, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12037   open full text
  • Problematising Early School Leaving.
    Alistair Ross, Carole Leathwood.
    European Journal of Education. August 12, 2013
    Early school leaving has been identified as a key policy priority across Europe. In this article, we critically discuss the underpinning assumptions and rationale for this policy focus, challenging the association that is made between early school leaving, economic growth and employment. We suggest that ESL is important, not because it is inhibiting growth or that it is responsible for high levels of youth unemployment, but because it helps to sustain and reproduce inequalities. We problematise the utilitarian conceptualisation of education and linear models of educational pathways that are embedded in this policy framework and critically discuss strategies that are proposed to address early school leaving. We argue that the key criteria for assessing such strategies should be the extent to which they meet social equity and social inclusion goals.
    August 12, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12038   open full text
  • Inclusive Pedagogy in Light of Social Justice. Special Educational Rights and Inclusive Classrooms: on whose terms? A Field Study in Stockholm Suburbs.
    Nilani Ljunggren De Silva.
    European Journal of Education. August 12, 2013
    The question of inclusive education is not straightforward. Despite all its good intentions, inclusive education, in practice faces numerous challenges today. This study analyses these challenges in the Swedish special education context. The author explores special educators’ experiences, possibilities and challenges when applying inclusive education. Findings reveal positive attitudes to the concept of inclusive classrooms. Nevertheless, teachers face more than a few grey areas that need to be put in place in order to achieve socially and cognitively inclusive classrooms.
    August 12, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12032   open full text
  • Further Education of Higher Education Graduates — the More, the Better?
    Susanne Strauss, Kathrin Leuze.
    European Journal of Education. August 12, 2013
    In times of rapid technological and organisational change, it is argued that lifelong further education becomes more and more important for labour market success. Especially in labour market segments for the highly qualified, it is essential to constantly update one's qualifications. This is reflected in the finding that graduates with tertiary education are closely involved in further training measures at the beginning of their life courses. Almost all take part in at least one further training measure in the first five years after graduation. The further education strategies of higher education graduates, however, vary greatly in terms of frequency of participation, duration of measures, financing of the measure and the type of skills acquired. Using a German graduate panel which traces a sample of graduates up to five years after they obtained their degree in 1997 (HIS Absolventenpanel), we analyse which of these strategies are most successful in terms of wages. Using random effect panel models, we find — controlling for a variety of other factors — that the frequency of participation in further education only has a significant positive influence on male graduates' wages. Moreover, it is mainly measures paid exclusively by the employer and courses directed at personality development, i.e. management skills, which have substantial wage premiums.
    August 12, 2013   doi: 10.1111/ejed.12039   open full text