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{"p"=>"This conceptual review provides a synthesising narrative of the interdependent regulation of intracellular pH (pHi), nitric oxide (NO), and adenosine—the pHi–NO–adenosine triad—in fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is associated with fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction, involving altered nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, reduced adenosine uptake, and dysregulated intracellular pH (pHi). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from GDM pregnancies exhibit increased endothelial NO synthase activity and decreased adenosine transport via human equilibrative nucleoside transporters, processes modulated by NO and pHi. These changes converge in the ALANO (Adenosine/L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide) signalling pathway, which enhances NO synthesis through increased L-arginine uptake. Importantly, similar mechanisms are observed in both macrovascular and microvascular endothelial cells, suggesting widespread placental vascular involvement. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index stratification reveals further heterogeneity in these responses. Disruptions in this signalling triad, i.e. NO, adenosine, and pHi, may impair placental perfusion, nutrient delivery, and fetal development, with potential long-term cardiometabolic consequences. Understanding these interrelated mechanisms provides a framework for targeted interventions in GDM, emphasizing the need for personalized approaches in maternal-foetal medicine."}

There is no abstract available for this paper.

{"p"=>{"__content__"=>"This article situates beggary legislation in India within a long penal trajectory that runs from colonial vagrancy codes to the Bombay Prevention of Begging Act, 1959, and its various clones enacted in different states of India. It shows how the destitute are governed through categories of public order, nuisance, and threat to public hygiene, turning a condition of deprivation into an offence. Drawing on statutes, court judgements, secondary scholarship, and field experience, it maps the continuities in law and institution, and the ethical incoherence of a welfare state that deals with destitution through detention. Recent judgements, Ram Lakhan (), Harsh Mander (), and Suhail Rashid Bhat (), signal a turn towards dignity and care, yet the road ahead still seems long as beggary laws continue to operate in more than twenty states and union territories of India. Anchored alongside the 2016 Model Bill on destitution, the SMILE Scheme and related policy schemes, the paper argues for replacing punitive measures with protection, care, and rehabilitation rooted in constitutional morality, social justice, rights, and inclusion.", "CitationRef"=>[{"__content__"=>"2006", "CitationID"=>"CR47"}, {"__content__"=>"2018", "CitationID"=>"CR29"}, {"__content__"=>"2019", "CitationID"=>"CR52"}]}}

{"p"=>"The article examines changes in ordinary criminal law in postcolonial India, focusing on three forms of punishment—life imprisonment, death penalty and minimum mandatory sentencing. The methodology includes a survey of changes in the legislative text, Constitutional provisions of due process, judgments of the Supreme Court of India and the reports and recommendations of the Law Commission of India. The analysis reveals that despite due process rights and amendments to the criminal regime claiming decolonization, punishment in postcolonial India has increasingly become hyper-punitive, revealing residues of colonialism as well as its nexus with the global rise of new technologies of crime and social control."}

{"p"=>"In this article, we propose a critical criminology of war that is informed by Stanley Cohen’s notion of states of denial and his portrayal of Israel as a “special case” in this respect. After a general introduction into the development of the criminology of war, we focus on two analytical lines, namely (1) the notion that a culture of denial is indispensable in the legitimation of war and war crimes and (2) that postcolonial thinking can explain why different conflicts are framed differently in different countries, and that the differences between the global North and the global South are the most fundamental in this respect. We argue how the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is probably the most illustrative in this respect and single out that particular conflict in the remainder of our analysis. We analyse the narratives that are used to deny the atrocities Israel is accused of and how other events are reframed in a way that best suits Israel’s political interests."}

{"p"=>"The death penalty in sub-Saharan Africa remains a contentious issue: twenty-eight states have abolished the penalty, and twenty-one retain it. This paper situates the use or disuse of capital punishment as a legacy of colonialism. Colonialism created conditions of ethnic fragmentation and economic vulnerability that prevented a meaningful transition to democracy at independence, resulting in weak states that relied on state violence to maintain power. Differing forms of colonial governance impacted the centrality of the death penalty to state power, and this paper addresses the distinction between direct rule and indirect rule in explaining why British Africa tends to retain the death penalty and the rest of Africa has tended to abolish."}

{"__content__"=>"\n Purpose\n \n \n Methods\n \n \n Results\n \n \n Conclusion\n \n ", "p"=>[{"__content__"=>"This study evaluated videos designed to promote cyber hygiene intentions, informed by Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)."}, {"__content__"=>"We recruited 437 U.S. adults through an online platform and randomly assigned them to one of three conditions: a narrative video, a didactic video, or a text-based control message describing the phishing threat. Participants completed pre- and post-surveys measuring cyber hygiene, PMT constructs, and individual traits."}, {"__content__"=>"Results indicated that both video formats increased cyber hygiene intentions compared to the text-based control. There was no statistically meaningful difference between the narrative and didactic formats, suggesting that delivery style alone does not materially alter cybersecurity intentions when content is held constant, although the narrative showed numerically larger effects. The main predictors of protection motivation included response efficacy, vulnerability, severity, and response costs; fear and self-efficacy were not significant. Technical skill and reflective decision-making positively influenced protective intentions, whereas self-control did not. Mediation analyses suggested that PMT constructs are associated with pathways linking the videos to cyber hygiene, although the cross-sectional measurement of mediators limits strong causal inference."}, {"__content__"=>"Overall, the findings support the use of video-based cybersecurity training that emphasizes actionable guidance rather than emotional arousal."}]}

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Ahead of Print.

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ahead of Print.

{"__content__"=>"\n Abstract\n \n \n Registration\n \n ", "p"=>[{"__content__"=>"Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly influence the development of suicidal ideation (SI) in young people. Psychological factors are critical mediators in this relationship, yet the underlying psychological mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to identify the psychological mediating/moderating factors between ACEs and SI among young people, thereby providing scientific evidence and theoretical support for formulating targeted psychological intervention strategies and reducing the risk of suicide. We searched six databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wan Fang) from their inception to June 23rd, 2025. Eligible studies were cross-sectional or cohort designs investigating psychological mediators/moderators between ACEs and SI in young people. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklists for cross-sectional studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for longitudinal studies. The results were synthesized using a narrative synthesis. This systematic review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guideline. Among the 54 included studies, we identified 45 psychological mediating/moderating factors. These factors are classified as protecting and deteriorating factors. Among them, we found that negative emotions, negative thought patterns, and positive psychological traits were the mostfrequently examined factors. This study further summarizes the potential psychological pathways linking ACEs and SI in young people, thereby clarifying future intervention directions. It also suggests that future intervention programs should be diversified and targeted, so as to intervene early in young people’s SI and reduce their suicide risk. Future longitudinal cohort studies should verify the temporal and causal relationships suggested by this review."}, {"__content__"=>"The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (ID CRD420251054107)."}]}

{"__content__"=>"\n Graphical abstract\n \n ", "p"=>[{"__content__"=>"Aluminum (Al³⁺) is a widespread environmental metal with potential effects on the intestinal epithelium. In this study, we evaluated the impact of dietary concentrations of aluminum on barrier integrity, histological organization, and gene expression in a 3D human intestinal tissue model. Tissues were exposed to increasing concentrations of aluminum (0, 5, 20, and 50 ppm) for 12 days to mimic environmental chronic exposure through ingestion. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements revealed a significant decrease only at the highest dose (50 ppm) on day 12, indicating a damage to the epithelial permeability. This was supported by a marked downregulation of OCLN and CLDN-5 expression, key genes involved in tight junction integrity. Aluminum permeation across the tissue was confirmed via Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), indicating dose-dependent penetration. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed significant upregulation of MT-1E and MT-2 A (markers of cellular response to metal exposure) while MT-1 A remained unchanged. The present data demonstrate that repeated exposure to 50 ppm of Al3+ impacts intestinal barrier function and alters the tissue organization in the human intestinal epithelium."}, {}]}

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Ahead of Print.

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Ahead of Print.

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, Ahead of Print.

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Ahead of Print.

{"__content__"=>"\n Objectives\n \n \n Methods\n \n \n Results\n \n \n Conclusions\n \n ", "p"=>[{"__content__"=>"Drawing on deterrence, situational crime prevention, and procedural justice theories, the study tests whether the association between pedestrian stops and shootings varies by stop initiation type and victim fatality."}, {"__content__"=>"Two-step System GMM applied to monthly New York City census-tract panel data from 2017 through 2023 (2,325 tracts × 84 months, balanced), the study models each stop type separately as endogenous while addressing simultaneity and spatial dependence, with missing data handled by multiple imputation."}, {"__content__"=>"Witness-initiated stops exhibited the most consistent negative association with nonfatal shootings, significant in 2017, 2019, and 2020, weakening to non-significance in the peak-violence years 2021 and 2022, and re-emerging in 2023 as violence subsided. The dip-and-recovery pattern is more consistent with saturation of witness cooperation than with eroding police legitimacy alone. No stop type is significantly associated with fatal shootings, which were more prevalent in indoor settings."}, {"__content__"=>"The community-initiated source of a stop, not enforcement volume, is associated with fewer nonfatal shootings. High-volume, indiscriminate proactive stops warrant caution. The specific mechanism linking witness-initiated stops to fewer shootings remains untested."}]}

{"p"=>{"__content__"=>"Prolonged waiting times for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) leave many young people without structured support while awaiting specialist treatment. Social prescribing has been proposed as a community-based adjunct within CAMHS pathways; however, evidence regarding its safety and clinical impact remains limited. Wellbeing While Waiting was a multi-site non-randomised controlled trial embedded within a hybrid type II implementation–effectiveness evaluation conducted across 11 CAMHS in England. The protocol was prospectively published prior to recruitment (BMC Psychiatry; ). Between May 2023 and March 2025, 558 young people aged 11–18 years referred to CAMHS were enrolled (225 usual care; 333 social prescribing). Primary outcomes were anxiety and depression symptoms, total emotional and behavioural difficulties, and perceived stress. Secondary outcomes included resilience and wellbeing. No intervention-related adverse events were observed. On average, participants had 5 sessions with a Link Worker. Compared with usual care, no significant differences were observed in anxiety or depression symptoms. However, participants receiving social prescribing demonstrated significant improvements in total emotional and behavioural difficulties over six months, driven by reductions in conduct difficulties, hyperactivity and peer problems. Significant improvements for those receiving social prescribing were also found for prosocial behaviour and resilience. Within routine CAMHS pathways, no intervention-related adverse events were observed for social prescribing, and social prescribing was associated with improvements in behavioural and resilience-related outcomes, although not in anxiety or depressive symptoms. Findings suggest social prescribing may offer a valuable adjunct during delayed access to specialist treatment, with effects distinct from symptom-focused clinical therapies.", "a"=>{"__content__"=>"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04758-0", "href"=>"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04758-0"}}}

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page G125-G139, August 2026.

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page G107-G124, August 2026.

{"p"=>"Despite substantial interest in entrepreneurial action, limited progress has been made in operationalizing the entrepreneurial process as a structured, feedback-driven phenomenon. Existing research often treats entrepreneurship as a sequence of loosely connected events, leaving the internal logic of progression insufficiently specified. This paper applies process theory and a design approach to develop clearer structuration criteria for modeling the entrepreneurial journey. A four-stage process model—Propositions’ Storage, Idea Development, Concept Development, and Business Development, culminating in venture launch—is proposed. The model advances the literature by introducing purpose, feedback mechanisms, and artifact integrity as criteria for distinguishing subprocesses. These elements clarify how the entrepreneurial process evolves from early cognitive representations to tangible venture outputs, and why some trajectories accelerate, iterate, or stall. By highlighting the generative role of intra-process feedback, the model challenges event-driven explanations and delineates key differences between venture creation and organizational change, particularly in the recursive sequencing of tasks and the emergent nature of structural elements. In contrast to earlier models, this version renders the entrepreneurial process more consistent, comparable, coherent, predictable and systematically interpretable. This framework offers researchers a more operationalizable basis for examining the entrepreneurial process and comparing cases over time. Practically, the model supports educators, incubators, and ecosystem actors seeking structured, feedback-sensitive approaches for guiding entrepreneurs from initial ideas to viable ventures."}

{"p"=>"Childhood mental and behavioral health problems have increased in recent years in the United States, yet limited research has examined how positive childhood experiences (PCEs) across family and community contexts are associated with mental health across development. Using data from 68,000 children aged 6—17 years in the 2022–2023 National Survey of Children’s Health, this study assessed whether Family- and community-level PCEs were independently and cumulatively associated with depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems. Family and community PCEs were categorized as low, moderate, or high. Weighted logistic regression models estimated associations with mental and behavioral health outcomes, with and without adjustment for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and sociodemographic characteristics. Predicted probabilities were calculated to evaluate cumulative patterns across contexts. Low family PCEs were associated with higher odds of depression (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI, 1.25–1.89), anxiety (AOR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.05–1.48), and behavioral problems (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.36–2.09), and low community PCEs showed similar associations across outcomes. These associations remained robust after adjustment for ACEs and sociodemographic factors. Although interaction effects were small, predicted probabilities revealed a clear cumulative pattern, with the lowest risk observed when both family and community PCEs were high. Findings suggest that family and community PCEs were each independently associated with mental and behavioral health outcomes, and predicted probabilities revealed a cumulative pattern across PCE domains. These findings underscore the importance of supporting both family and community environments, as each context showed independent associations with depression, anxiety, and behavioral problems across developmental stages, highlighting the value of multilevel approaches to support child and adolescent mental and behavioral health."}

{"p"=>"We aimed to gain knowledge on children’s development by distinguishing developmental profiles based on neurological and motor assessments in infancy, and motor and cognitive assessments at early school age. Profile characteristics and the associations between profiles and behavioural characteristics at early school age were also examined. Based on their neurological and motor scores at an age between 3 and 18 months, we invited 703 Dutch children of 4–5 years old (369 with atypical and 334 with typical infant neuromotor behaviour) of whom 518 (74%) participated in the current study. A latent profile analysis was performed to identify the developmental profiles. We examined profile characteristics and compared the parent-reported behavioural and emotional difficulties, ASD traits and ADHD traits at early school-age between the developmental profiles. We found four developmental profiles: ‘typical development’, ‘early advanced development’, ‘developmental catch-up’ and ‘developmental difficulties’. Being a boy was associated with the ‘developmental difficulties’ profile and being a girl and high parental educational level were associated with the ‘typical development’ profile. Children in the ‘developmental difficulties’ profile showed the most behavioural and emotional difficulties, ASD traits and ADHD traits The four profiles pointed to highly varying developmental patterns, underlining the inter- and intra-individual variability of development and showing the challenges of predicting later developmental outcome based on infancy assessments."}

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Ahead of Print.

{"p"=>"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a prevalent neurodevelopmental condition, urgently requires objective biomarkers to improve diagnostic precision and treatment monitoring. This systematic review evaluates the utility of task-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in identifying neurobiological biomarkers for ADHD in children and adolescents. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and a pre-registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42024612203), we systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science (through February 4, 2025) using terms including \"NIRS\" and \"ADHD\", identifying 1,027 articles. Data on fNIRS parameters and diagnostic accuracy metrics were extracted, with study quality assessed via BIOCROSS criteria. Synthesis of 50 eligible studies revealed consistent prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction in ADHD, particularly reduced right PFC activation during executive function tasks (Go/No-go, Oddball, Stroop). Machine learning models leveraging fNIRS data achieved >80% accuracy in distinguishing ADHD from typically developing controls, demonstrating high specificity. Notably, pharmacological interventions (e.g., methylphenidate) partially normalized PFC activation patterns. Task-state fNIRS holds significant potential in identifying ADHD biomarkers, particularly through its ability to detect prefrontal cortex dysfunction. However, clinical translation requires addressing heterogeneity in task paradigms, standardization of fNIRS protocols, and validation across diverse populations. This review underscores the need for harmonized methodological frameworks to advance fNIRS from research to routine clinical practice in ADHD management."}

{"p"=>"Abundant resting-state fMRI studies have shown altered brain activation and functional connectivity (FC) in children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) compared with typically developing (TD) subjects, with specific disruptions in brain networks associated with attention and cognitive control. Most prior meta-analyses have focused on populations across all ages, leaving a significant gap in understanding how these alterations unfold during childhood and adolescence. The current meta-analysis reviewed 36 studies (1867 subjects, 989 with ADHD, 878 TD), including 20 seed-based connectivity (SBC) studies and 16 non-seed-based connectivity (Non-SBC) studies, with a particular focus on FC within and between seven major brain networks. Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) analyses were conducted separately for the SBC and Non-SBC datasets. In the SBC analysis, we found significant reductions in FC between the Default Mode Network (DMN) and the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN), as well as between the Somatomotor Network (SMN) and the Ventral Attention Network (VAN) in the ADHD group, whereas no significant alterations were identified in the Non-SBC analysis. Our findings are consistent with aspects of two theoretical frameworks, the DMN interference hypothesis and the multi-network model of ADHD, suggesting that weakened inter-network connectivity may contribute to the core cognitive and attentional difficulties observed in ADHD. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the network-level neural features of ADHD and may provide a basis for future studies on early intervention."}

{"p"=>"Tourette syndrome (TS) is heterogeneous and frequently co-occurs with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other recorded neurodevelopmental diagnoses. We examined whether early parent-report questionnaire profiles in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) differed across later TS diagnostic subgroups, focusing on developmental phenotyping rather than individual-level prediction. The analytic sample included 92,875 children with linked registry follow-up and at least one retained questionnaire predictor at 6, 18, or 36 months. For this project, registry access was limited to ICD-10 F70-F99 diagnoses; the reference group therefore comprised children with no recorded F70-F99 diagnosis in the available project extract, not children known to be free of all psychiatric or somatic diagnoses. Age-specific principal component analysis (PCA), item response theory (IRT), and raw-item profiles were used to describe early questionnaire dimensions relative to the no-recorded-F70-F99 reference group. Twenty-one PCA domains were retained. Differences were small at 6 months and most interpretable at 36 months. TS with ADHD showed the clearest preschool regulation, attention, and externalizing profile, whereas TS with other recorded F70-F99 diagnoses showed broader language, motor, social-communication, sociability/activity, and developmental-concern elevations. TS without other recorded F70-F99 diagnoses showed smaller, more focal elevations. Secondary separability checks were modest, supporting group-level profile differences rather than screening-level prediction."}

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Ahead of Print.

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Ahead of Print.

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Ahead of Print.

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, Ahead of Print.

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ahead of Print.

{"p"=>"A lack of accountability for activities commonly defined by criminologists as white-collar crimes has been a persistent theme in the literature for decades. Although this issue has long been recognized, over the past couple of decades, there has been a significant decline in enforcement activity, reflected not only in fewer regulatory actions but also in a substantial reduction in criminal prosecutions and other forms of governmental oversight intended to deter white-collar crimes. Drawing on Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse data as well as regulatory agency records on criminal and civil enforcement activity, budgets, and agency regulations, this paper documents a sharp decline in white-collar crime enforcement activity. Findings reveal a decades-long erosion in criminal enforcement, compounded by overburdened, understaffed, and underfunded regulatory agencies with little authority to fulfill their intended mandates. The result is a de facto regime of permission that enables white-collar criminals to pursue profits at all costs with virtual impunity."}

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page F118-F120, August 2026.

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page L144-L154, August 2026.

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page F135-F151, August 2026.

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page L119-L143, August 2026.

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page F121-F134, August 2026.

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page F93-F99, August 2026.

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page F100-F117, August 2026.

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Ahead of Print.

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Ahead of Print.

["Health Services Research, Volume 61, Issue 4, August 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\n\nObjective\nTo estimate the effect of hospital‐physician vertical integration on utilization‐driven annual healthcare spending for an all‐payer cohort of patients with multiple chronic conditions.\n\n\nStudy Setting and Design\nWe used a quasi‐experimental difference‐in‐differences with staggered adoption approach to estimate the effect of hospital‐physician vertical integration on total annual utilization‐driven spending per patient (primary outcome). We also examined changes in annual inpatient, outpatient, professional, and pharmaceutical utilization‐driven spending (secondary outcomes).\n\n\nData Sources and Analytic Sample\nUsing 2016–2021 Virginia all‐payer administrative claims data, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 77,248 patients aged 45–99, with Medicare, Medicaid, and/or commercial insurance, and at least two qualifying chronic conditions at the beginning of the study period. The treatment group included patients of physicians who began the study period independent and became integrated in 2018, 2019, 2020, or 2021, respectively. The control group included patients of physicians who remained independent during the entire study period.\n\n\nPrincipal Findings\nWhile we found no significant difference in utilization‐driven spending after integration overall ($1063, CI: $‐364 to $2414), meaningful heterogeneity emerged across the staggered integration cohorts. Notably, when excluding the 2021 integration cohort (which exhibited significantly lower total annual utilization‐driven spending), we found evidence of substantially higher annual total ($1750, CI: $207 to $3739) and inpatient ($898, CI: $65 to $2293) spending after integration among the earlier integration cohorts, driven by inpatient utilization. These findings held when limiting our analyses to patients of primary care physicians.\n\n\nConclusions\nThis study provides evidence that the timing of hospital‐physician vertical integration (pre‐pandemic versus pandemic‐era), particularly among primary care physicians, drove heterogeneous treatment effects in utilization‐driven spending for the growing population of adults living with multiple chronic conditions.\n\n"]

["Business Ethics, the Environment &Responsibility, EarlyView. ", "\nABSTRACT\nBusiness‐nonprofit collaborations are essential for addressing organizational and societal challenges, yet research has largely examined their formation from the perspective of a single partner rather than as a two‐sided process. In this study, we conceptualize collaboration formation as a dyadic matching process and examine two related decisions: whether a business and a nonprofit select each other as partners and what type of collaboration they form. Drawing on Transaction Cost Economics and the Resource‐Based View, we analyze a novel dataset of 24,190 Italian business–nonprofit dyads using Probit, Multinomial Probit, and Heckman‐corrected Probit models. The results show that firms and nonprofits select each other as partners when they are geographically proximate and more symmetric, consistent with lower transaction costs in partner search, negotiation, and monitoring. However, these conditions—especially symmetry—are less important in explaining more intensive collaborations characterized by bidirectional resource exchange. These collaborations are instead more strongly associated with resource similarity between partners, whereas philanthropic collaborations are more likely when partners rely on dissimilar resources. Our study enriches the literature on business‐nonprofit collaborations, advancing the understanding of their heterogeneous and bilateral nature, and offers implications for practitioners and policymakers interested in collaborative sustainability strategies.\n"]

["Business Ethics, the Environment &Responsibility, EarlyView. ", "\nABSTRACT\nA common assumption is that firms become more socially responsible over time. Indeed, numerous conceptual papers focus on the issue of describing the CSR states that firms advance through. Yet, related empirical research remains limited and the assumption of steady progression across CSR states remains untested. The authors draw on path creation theory to examine whether firms follow the upward trajectories implied by prior conceptual frameworks by analyzing a longitudinal dataset of 42,634 firm‐year observations to identify firm CSR states, measure state membership likelihood and the probability of movement between the states and determine the drivers of both state membership and state advancement. The authors also investigate the states, drivers, and transition probabilities between corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR) states, an area that has received little conceptual or empirical study. This study finds some empirical support for prior conceptual frameworks; however, transitions between states occur infrequently. Importantly, we find that firms are more likely to regress than advance across both CSR and CSiR states, directly challenging the assumption of monotonic progression, suggesting that firm CSR and CSiR evolution are better characterized by persistence and path‐dependent dynamics rather than steady upward movement. Common factors that define CSR and CSiR state membership and movement between states include customer emphasis, industry characteristics, environmental turbulence, firm resources, and evolving expectations and regulations represented by year. However, the largest coefficients in determining CSR and CSiR state movement are the firm's current CSR or CSiR state.\n"]

["American Journal of Human Biology, Volume 38, Issue 7, July 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\n\nBackground\nResearch across different global contexts has begun to highlight the potential negative consequences of polygynous marriage, especially for women and children. However, there is a knowledge gap about how polygynous family structures may impact child health outcomes in Afghanistan, where polygynous marriage is highly prevalent. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of polygyny on key health outcomes among children under 5 years of age in Afghanistan.\n\n\nMethods\nIn this cross‐sectional study, we used secondary data from the Afghanistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2022–2023. A weighted sample of 30 751 children was included in the analysis. Key child health outcomes examined in the current study included malnutrition, immunization coverage, developmental status, and child morbidity and mortality. We applied multivariable Poisson regression models to assess the effect of polygyny on these outcomes.\n\n\nResults\nOf the 30 751 children in the sample, 2264 (7.4%) belonged to polygynous households. Children belonging to polygynous households had an increased risk of diarrhea (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR] 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.21), fever (APR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01–1.14), wasting (APR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.11–1.91), and child mortality (APR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18–1.56). Additionally, household wealth improves some (immunization coverage and developmental status), but not all of the risks associated with polygyny.\n\n\nConclusion\nPolygyny was associated with an increased risk of specific adverse child health outcomes, including diarrhea, fever, wasting, and child mortality. While household wealth mitigated some disadvantages, it did not fully offset the health risks associated with polygyny. These findings may enable a better understanding of the effects of polygynous marriages on child health outcomes in Afghan society and provide evidence for future policy efforts and interventions.\n\n"]

{"b"=>["Purpose", "Methods", "Results", "Conclusion"], "p"=>["Sensory processing is an important aspect of children’s development and is closely linked to other developmental domains. We investigated sensory processing and its relation to the severity of neurodevelopmental disorder traits (i.e., traits associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Developmental Coordination Disorder) in a sample of 4-5-year-old children from the general population, with an oversampling of children with atypical infant neurodevelopment.", "The sample contained 557 Dutch 4-5-year-old children. Sensory processing was assessed with the Sensory Profile. Neurodevelopmental disorder traits were measured with parent- and teacher-reported questionnaires (Social Responsiveness Scale, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Conners Parent Rating Scale, Conners Teacher Rating Scale) and an assessment of motor abilities (Movement Assessment Battery for Children). Multivariate polynomial regression analyses were conducted to examine the relation between sensory processing and the severity of neurodevelopmental disorder traits. The child’s sex, neurodevelopment in infancy (as assessed with the Standardized Infant Neuro Developmental Assessment and Infant Motor Profile) and intelligence level at 4–5 years (as measured with the Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence) were included as covariates.", "In 35–44% of the children sensory processing difficulties (varying per sensory processing quadrant) were present. Missing, seeking, avoiding and/or being sensitive to sensory stimuli was associated with more social responsiveness problems, hyperactive and/or inattentive behaviour and motor difficulties.", "Sensory processing difficulties are prevalent in a sample of 4- to 5-year-old children, enriched for the presence of atypical infant neurodevelopment. Additionally, specific types of sensory processing difficulties are related to more severe neurodevelopmental disorder traits."]}

There is no abstract available for this paper.

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page C267-C280, August 2026.

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page C281-C292, August 2026.

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology, Volume 331, Issue 2, Page C237-C251, August 2026.