["Journal of Traumatic Stress, Volume 39, Issue 2, Page 259-267, April 2026. ", "\nAbstract\nMilitary sexual assault (MSA) survivors are particularly likely to engage in sexual risk‐taking, or sexual behaviors that may result in sexually transmitted infections or unintended pregnancy. Theory suggests that posttraumatic cognitions, including negative thoughts about the self, negative thoughts about the world, and self‐blame, may be a salient factor related to sexual risk‐taking in this population. Further, sex differences have been observed in both posttraumatic cognitions and sexual risk‐taking. In this secondary analysis of web‐based survey data collected from U.S. service members and veterans (N = 400, 50.0% male), we hypothesized that posttraumatic cognitions would be positively associated with sexual risk‐taking and that sex would moderate this effect. The moderation model significantly predicted sexual risk‐taking, R2 = .19, F(6, 391) = 15.60, p < .001, and the effect of posttraumatic cognitions on sexual risk‐taking significantly differed by sex, B = 0.13 (SE = .05), p = .009, such that it was stronger for male survivors, B = 0.22 (SE = .03), p < .001, than female survivors, B = 0.09 (SE = .04), p = .019. Exploratory post hoc moderation analyses revealed a similar pattern for both negative thoughts about the self and self‐blame, whereas negative thoughts about the world did not differ by sex. The results point to the potential utility of cognitive‐based therapies in reducing sexual risk‐taking after MSA, particularly among male survivors, and highlight the importance of investigating psychological and interpersonal outcomes in this population. This study provides a vital contribution to the small literature base regarding male MSA survivors.\n"]