["Journal of Personality, EarlyView. ", "\nABSTRACT\n\nIntroduction\nThis study examined the associations between individual‐ and group‐level relational mobility and the Big Five personality traits, along with demographic variables and macro‐level variables, targeting 5048 people in all 47 Japanese prefectural capitals.\n\n\nMethods\nThe study controlled for macro‐level variables such as total population, population change rate, population density per 1 km2 of habitable area, number of incoming residents, and number of outgoing residents in each prefectural capital, which previous studies have not examined.\n\n\nResults\nMultilevel regression analysis revealed that extraversion was positively associated with both individual‐ and group‐level relational mobility.\n\n\nConclusion\nThe present study showed that specific features of the social environment (relational mobility) are positively associated with specific aspects of Big Five personality traits.\n\n"]