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“Clenched fists, helping hand”: Peter Norman and media frame building of white allyship

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International Review for the Sociology of Sport

Published online on

Abstract

International Review for the Sociology of Sport, Volume 61, Issue 4, Page 801-820, June 2026.
One of the most historically recognized athlete protests occurred in the 1968 Mexico City Olympic Games when U.S. sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos each raised a black-gloved fist to call attention to racial injustice in their home country. Perhaps ...