Comparing Paper- and AR-Based Assembly Manuals in Task Performance, dlPFC Hemodynamic Responses, and Perceived Workload

Jungmin Ryu, Philjun Moon, Kitae Hwang, Sojeong Yoon, Yoonjin Lee, Qinghua Piao, Jin-Hyuck Park, Woojin Park, Seoul National University, South Korea, Soonchunhyang University, South Korea, Institute for Industrial Systems Innovation, Seoul National University, South Korea

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

Published online on April 06, 2026

Abstract

Human Factors, Volume 68, Issue 9, Page 1209-1229, September 2026.
ObjectiveThis study comparatively evaluated three assembly manual types (traditional paper-based, user-fixed AR, and world-fixed AR) in terms of task performance, dlPFC hemodynamic responses, and perceived workload.BackgroundPrior studies of AR and ...