Examining the Measurement Invariance of TIMSS Science Self-Concept Scales Across Genders, Cultures, and Languages

Ying Liu, Jinyan Huang, Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, School of Teacher Education, The Evidence-based Research Center for Educational Assessment, Jiangsu University

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment

Published online on January 03, 2026

Abstract

Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, Volume 44, Issue 5, Page 475-493, August 2026.
This study employed item response theory (IRT), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the measurement invariance of TIMSS science self-concept (SSC) scales for grades 4 and 8 across genders, cultures, and ...