Anchor Detection Strategy in Moderated Non-Linear Factor Analysis for Differential Item Functioning (DIF)

Sooyong Lee, Suyoung Kim, Seung W. Choi, Wisconsin Center for Educational Research, The University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States, Crown Family School of Social Work, and Practice, University of Chicago, Educational Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin

Applied Psychological Measurement

Published online on November 24, 2025

Abstract

Applied Psychological Measurement, Volume 50, Issue 4-5, Page 173-193, June-July 2026.
Ensuring measurement invariance is crucial for fair psychological and educational assessments, particularly in detecting Differential Item Functioning (DIF). Moderated Non-linear Factor Analysis (MNLFA) provides a flexible framework for detecting DIF by ...