HbA1c as an Independent Predictor of Peripheral Artery Disease: Nonlinear Threshold and Causal Evidence from NHANES and Mendelian Randomization
Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis
Published online on April 13, 2026
Abstract
Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis, Volume 32, January-December 2026.
BackgroundPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, yet reliable biomarkers for early detection remain limited. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects long-term glycemia, but its relationship with PAD ...
BackgroundPeripheral artery disease (PAD) is a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, yet reliable biomarkers for early detection remain limited. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) reflects long-term glycemia, but its relationship with PAD ...