The Archipelago Capitalism of Citizenship-By-Investment

Jelena Džankić, Mira Seyfettinoglu, Ayelet Shachar, Maarten Vink, Luuk van der Baaren, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity, Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, UC Berkeley, Normative Orders, Frankfurt University, Centre for Global Mobility Law , University of Copenhagen

Comparative Political Studies

Published online on December 04, 2025

Abstract

Comparative Political Studies, Ahead of Print.
Citizenship-by-investment (CBI) programs, granting citizenship in return for financial payment or investment, have become a global phenomenon in recent years. The workings of these exceptional programs have caused controversy in real-life politics, ...