Empowerment versus pressure: How strict ‘up-or-out’ policy undermines distributed leadership's stimulation of faculty innovation in universities?
Educational Management Administration & Leadership: Formerly Educational Management & Administration
Published online on March 13, 2026
Abstract
Educational Management Administration & Leadership, Ahead of Print.
Given that the practical impact of the ‘up-or-out’ tenure-track reform adopted in China's higher education remains contested, this study explores its complex effect among distributed leadership, psychological empowerment and faculty innovation. Conducting ...
Given that the practical impact of the ‘up-or-out’ tenure-track reform adopted in China's higher education remains contested, this study explores its complex effect among distributed leadership, psychological empowerment and faculty innovation. Conducting ...