Divergent Socioeconomic Pathways to Biologically Uncontrolled Diabetes by Gender: A Bayesian Analysis of NHANES 2021–2023

Terry Hao-Yu Qin, Aiden Yi-Fei Wang, Tissue Engineering Group , National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning , Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Ankle Unit and Traumatology, National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning , Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Applied Statistics Program, Department of Decision Science, Faculty of Business and Economics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur

Evaluation & the Health Professions

Published online on April 27, 2026

Abstract

Evaluation & the Health Professions, Ahead of Print.
Standard health evaluations often treat gender as a mere covariate, masking distinct socioeconomic pathways to disease. We applied a gender-stratified Bayesian framework to evaluate how socioeconomic indicators relate to biologically uncontrolled diabetes ...