Psychometric Analyses of the Italian 8-Item, 9-Item, and 12-Item Versions of the Depression, Stress and Anxiety Scale

Paolo Soraci, Mark D. Griffiths, Elena Del Fante, Renato Pisanti, Giulia Marafioti, Rocco Servidio, Elisa Chini, Attila Szabo, Department of Economics, and Motor Sciences, Niccolò Cusano, International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Play Better Associazione, UniMiB Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi , Department of Culture, Education and Society, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Independent Researcher, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, Széchenyi István University

Evaluation & the Health Professions

Published online on September 20, 2025

Abstract

Evaluation & the Health Professions, Ahead of Print.
The present study aimed to validate the Italian 8-item, 9-item, and 12-item versions of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), addressing the need for shorter yet psychometrically robust measures. Two studies were conducted with different ...