Multi-stage ECMS considering engine dynamics and start/stop strategy for real-time application in hybrid electric vehicles
International Journal of Engine Research
Published online on August 12, 2025
Abstract
International Journal of Engine Research, Ahead of Print.
Equivalent Consumption Minimisation Strategy (ECMS) is a popular algorithm determining the optimal blending between engine and electric motors torque on a hybrid electric vehicle. Being a realisation of the Pontryagin Minimum Principle, it condenses ...
Equivalent Consumption Minimisation Strategy (ECMS) is a popular algorithm determining the optimal blending between engine and electric motors torque on a hybrid electric vehicle. Being a realisation of the Pontryagin Minimum Principle, it condenses ...