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Translational Challenges From Nonclinical to Clinical Program: Case Study Examples

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International Journal of Toxicology

Published online on

Abstract

International Journal of Toxicology, Volume 45, Issue 2, Page 171-189, March/April 2026.
Drug discovery and development is a complex, lengthy, and expensive process that takes on average 10-15 years and approximately $1-2 billion USD for approval of a new drug. While the studies needed to support clinical development are generally outlined in ...