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From empowerment to participation: How women’s political empowerment shapes non-institutionalized political participation and reduces gender disparities

International Political Science Review

Published online on

Abstract

International Political Science Review, Volume 47, Issue 3, Page 421-438, June 2026.
This study examines how women’s political empowerment influences the gender gap in non-institutionalized political participation (protest, boycott and petition signing). It argues that gender differences in participation diminish as women attain greater ...