Educational Disparities in Disability in Mid- to Late-Life: How Much is Attributable to Pain?

Hangqing Ruan, Hanna Grol-Prokopczyk, Zachary Zimmer, Anna Zajacova, Department of Sociology and Criminology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Department of Family Studies and Gerontology, and Global Aging and Community Initiative, Mount Saint Vincent University, Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario

Journal of Aging and Health

Published online on January 03, 2026

Abstract

Journal of Aging and Health, Ahead of Print.
BackgroundEducational disparities in disability are substantial, but the contribution of pain remains underexplored.Research DesignUsing 2002–2018 National Health Interview Survey data, we examined the role of site-specific pain—joint, low back, neck, ...