The concentration-dependent protective effects by new generation hypoglycemic agents on delirium, depression, dementia and coma: evidence from a network meta-analysis

Ping-Tao Tseng, Bing-Yan Zeng, Chih-Wei Hsu, Mein-Woei Suen, Chao-Ming Hung, Andre F. Carvalho, Brendon Stubbs, Yen-Wen Chen, Tien-Yu Chen, Wei-Te Lei, Pao-Yen Lin, Jiann-Jy Chen, Kuan-Pin Su, Hung-Yu Wang, Bing-Syuan Zeng, Yow-Ling Shiue, Chih-Sung Liang

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

Published online on December 08, 2025

Abstract

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, Volume 119, Issue 2, Page 46-54, February 2026.
Objectives:Emerging evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors may exert neuroprotective effects. However, the comparative efficacy of individual agents remains unclear. ...