Experimental and numerical investigation on the low-velocity high-energy impact response of thick steel-viscoelastic composite metal laminate with different viscoelastic layer configurations and impact energies

Bijuan Yan, Yihang Geng, Zhangda Zhao, Huijun Liang, School of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Rail Transit Department, Zhejiang Institute of Communications

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

Published online on December 26, 2025