Geometric optimization of the crashworthiness performance of 3D-printed PLA-GF tubes with square-to-circular transitions via squircle geometry

Mahmoud M. Awd Allah, Dalia A. Hegazy, Mahmoud F. Abd El-Halim, Ali Saeed Almuflih, Ahmed A. Mousa, Marwa A. Abd El-baky, Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Mechanical Engineering Department, Southern Methodist University, Basic sciences Department, Bilbeis Higher Institute of Engineering , Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, Center for Engineering and Technology Innovations, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, MATCO Chemicals SAE

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

Published online on November 26, 2025

Abstract

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials, Ahead of Print.
This study explores the crashworthiness performance of 3D-printed tubes composed of polylactic acid reinforced with glass fiber (PLA-GF), with particular emphasis on the geometric transition from square to circular cross-sections through the use of arc ...