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Online toxic speech as positioning acts: Hate as discursive mechanisms for othering and belonging

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New Media & Society

Published online on

Abstract

New Media & Society, Volume 28, Issue 7, Page 3054-3072, July 2026.
While digital platforms foster a sense of community and identity, they also facilitate harmful exclusionary practices. In this context, toxic and hateful speech are key mechanisms not only for harming others but also marking processes of othering and ...