Efficacy and safety of apomorphine in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Moaz Elsayed Abouelmagd, Abdallah Abbas, Obai Yousef, Atef Abdelrahman Hassan, Omar Kassar, Khalid Sarhan, Asmaa Zakria Alnajjar, Haneen Sabet, Mohamed Ahmed Zanaty, Hoda Awad, Muataz Kashbour, Fakhruddin Almuzghi, Matthew J. Barrett, Brian Berman, Ahmed Negida

Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders

Published online on April 18, 2026

Abstract

Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, Volume 19, January-December 2026.
Background:Motor fluctuations and OFF episodes are common complications of long-term levodopa therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and significantly impair quality of life. Apomorphine, a short-acting dopamine agonist, is available in multiple formulations ...