Bioequivalence of budesonide/glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate with a next-generation propellant versus hydrofluoroalkane-134a in healthy adults: phase I, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, partial-replicate, three-way cross-over lung exposure and total systemic exposure studies

Artur Bednarczyk, Magnus Aurivillius, Mandeep Jassal, Mihir Shah, Ibrahim Raphiou, David Petullo, John Xu, Maria Heijer, Klementyna Sychowicz, Kathryn Collison, Carlos Silva, Jitendar Reddy, David Han, Ronald Goldwater, Michael Gillen, Mehul Patel

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease

Published online on February 12, 2026

Abstract

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, Volume 20, January-December 2026.
Background:Hydrofluoroolefin-1234ze (HFO-1234ze) is a next-generation propellant with 99.9% lower global warming potential (GWP) than hydrofluoroalkane-134a (HFA-134a).Objectives:We report systemic and lung exposure bioequivalence for budesonide/...