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An Innovative Hybrid Process for Realistic Three-Dimensional Heart Modeling and Surgical Simulation of Tetralogy of Fallot

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World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery

Published online on

Abstract

World Journal for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery, Ahead of Print.
Background:Realistic three-dimensional (3D) heart models are essential for understanding complex congenital defects and improving surgical training. However, conventional rigid models lack the tactile and anatomical fidelity required for procedures such ...