Commentary: Systemic Inequities in Japan’s Technical Intern Training Program (TITP): Health, Labor, and Legal Vulnerabilities of Foreign Trainees

Phu Nghia Nguyen, Phuong Ngoc Anh Pham, My Kieu Phan, Thy Dinh Van Le, Dat Nguyen Tan Bui, Kawasaki Kasumi, Nguyen Tien Huy, College of Health Sciences, Nam Can Tho University, Nguyen Van Cu Street, An Binh Ward, Can Tho City, Online Research Club, Nagasaki City, Japanese Club, Hanoi Medical University, Ha Noi, Le Quy Don High School for the Gifted, Da Nang, Graduate School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health , Nagasaki University, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang

Evaluation & the Health Professions

Published online on May 10, 2026

Abstract

Evaluation & the Health Professions, Ahead of Print.
Japan’s Technical Intern Training Program (TITP) has expanded into a major conduit for foreign labor, primarily from Vietnam, Indonesia, and the Philippines. While it was originally established to facilitate skill and technology transfer to developing ...