Teacher-Student and Student-Student Relationship Quality in Relation to Adolescents’ Defending Behaviors: A Moderated Polynomial Regression With Response Surface Analysis

Sen Li, Mingqi Zhi, Wenwen Li, School of Education, Hebei University, School of Education and Psychology, University of Jinan

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

Published online on May 22, 2026

Abstract

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, Ahead of Print.
This study aims to investigate the unique and joint effects of teacher-student and student-student relationship quality on adolescents’ defending behaviors. Participants were 1,639 Chinese adolescents (52.51% girls,Mage= 14.49 years,SD= 1.11). They ...