Factor Structure and Gender Invariance of the Negative Outcome Expectations Scale Among Latiné Engineering College Students

Han Na Suh, Lisa Y. Flores, Rachel L. Navarro, Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks

Journal of Career Assessment

Published online on May 25, 2026

Abstract

Journal of Career Assessment, Ahead of Print.
Using a sample of 883 Latiné engineering students, the present study explored the measurement characteristics of the Negative Outcome Expectations Scale for Engineers (NOES-E), applying advanced psychometric techniques, including bifactor and the ...