Impact of Different Exercise Modalities on Visceral Adipose Tissue in Normal Weight and Low-Overweight Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hamid Arazi, Fatemeh Bagherpour, Grant M. Tinsley, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University

Biological Research For Nursing: Integrating Biobehavioral Research into Health Care

Published online on June 12, 2026

Abstract

Biological Research For Nursing, Ahead of Print.
The “thin outside, fat inside” (TOFI) phenotype, also termed normal weight obesity (NWO), describes individuals with normal body mass index (BMI) but elevated visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Individuals at the lower boundary of the overweight range may ...