Graphene oxide-enhanced dissolvable microneedles for transdermal delivery of alendronate: Augmented permeation and antibacterial activity

Qianqian Sun, Xiaowen Li, Guofa Zhang, Bing Li, Yanlian Niu, Litao Wang, Mei Lv, College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, College of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University

Journal of Biomaterials Applications

Published online on June 02, 2026

Abstract

Journal of Biomaterials Applications, Ahead of Print.
Osteoporosis treatment using alendronate (ALN) is limited by poor oral bioavailability and gastrointestinal side effects. To address this limitation, this study developed a graphene oxide (GO)-enhanced soluble microneedle (MN) system for transdermal ...