Are Penalty Shootouts Better Than a Coin Toss? Evidence From International Club Football in Europe
Published online on June 06, 2026
Abstract
Journal of Sports Economics, Ahead of Print.
Penalty shootouts play a crucial role in the knockout stage of major football tournaments. Their importance has substantially increased from the 2021/22 season, when the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) scrapped the away goals rule. Our ...
Penalty shootouts play a crucial role in the knockout stage of major football tournaments. Their importance has substantially increased from the 2021/22 season, when the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) scrapped the away goals rule. Our ...