Artificial intelligence in the management of chronic pain and lipedema: A comparative analysis of ChatGPT-5o, Gemini-3, and perplexity AI in terms of readability and academic reliability

İlhan Celil Özbek, Erkan Özduran, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Derince Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Pain Medicine, Sivas Numune Hospital

Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease

Published online on June 09, 2026

Abstract

Phlebology, Ahead of Print.
ObjectivesLipedema is a chronic disorder characterized by pain and disproportionate fat distribution, and its diagnosis is frequently overlooked. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the responses generated by contemporary artificial ...