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Patients with poorer health status are more likely to have difficult-to-manage axial spondyloarthritis: insights from a real-world cohort

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Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease

Published online on

Abstract

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, Volume 18, January-December 2026.
Background:Predicting difficult-to-manage (D2M) axSpA remains challenging, as both inflammatory and non-inflammatory factors contribute to treatment failure. Functional impairment captured by Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and ...