Living with industrial glue by being sanay in a small‐scale shoemaking community in Marikina city, the Philippines
Medical Anthropology Quarterly / Medical Anthropological Quarterly
Published online on June 15, 2026
Abstract
["Medical Anthropology Quarterly, EarlyView. ", "\nAbstract\nDolores St. is an alley in Marikina City, the Philippines, where a small‐scale pagawaan (shoemaking workshop) continues to stand among residential buildings and provides informal employment to its neighbors. Here, the shoemakers and other residents have a complex relationship with shoemaking, an industry embedded in their community for over a century. They are sanay (habituated) to toxic industrial glue. This paper offers perspectives into peoples’ understanding and experiences of harm and health through participant observation, interviews, and focus group discussions, revealing how being sanay to the pandikit (industrial glue) is embodied and is an active process through how shoemakers sense, know, and act in response to living with chemicals.\n"]