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Neural Sensitivity to Conversational Inter‐Speaker Gaps in the Broad Autism Phenotype

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Psychophysiology

Published online on

Abstract

["Psychophysiology, Volume 63, Issue 7, July 2026. ", "\nABSTRACT\nPragmatic language differences are present in the broad autism phenotype (BAP). Objective markers of pragmatic language subprocesses, such as inter‐speaker turn‐taking, may enhance understanding of these differences. Here, we examined how neural and behavioral responses elicited by inter‐speaker turn‐taking are related to the BAP, using well‐validated conversational stimuli with different inter‐speaker gap durations in a stratified sample of 63 adults selected for varied autism‐associated traits. As outcomes, we measured ERPs elicited by inter‐speaker gap (stimulus‐preceding negativity) and speaker response (P3), and subjective ratings of conversation quality. Among individuals with more autism‐associated traits, extended inter‐speaker gaps were considered less salient as indicated by reduced P3. However, monitoring of inter‐speaker gaps and perceived conversation quality were unrelated to autism‐associated traits. These findings provide preliminary evidence that pragmatic inference of inter‐speaker gaps may be specifically disrupted in those endorsing a higher degree of autism‐associated traits and detectable with the P3 ERP, laying the foundation for similar neurobehavioral studies in autism.\n"]