["Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, EarlyView. ", "\nABSTRACT\nThis study examines how operational, institutional, and stakeholder factors jointly shape corporate social responsibility and environmental performance in Vietnam's maritime logistics sector. Drawing on the Natural Resource‐Based View, Institutional Theory, and Stakeholder Theory, the study analyzes survey data from 322 industry professionals using PLS‐SEM. The findings show that operational efficiency practices and regulatory compliance significantly enhance energy performance and stakeholder engagement. Energy performance, in turn, positively influences sustainability outcomes and mediates the effects of operational and institutional drivers. However, the direct effects of operational efficiency and regulatory compliance on sustainability performance are not significant, indicating that sustainability outcomes emerge through indirect capability development. By integrating multiple theoretical perspectives, the study explains how firms in an emerging economy translate operational and institutional pressures into sustainability outcomes, offering important implications for managers and policymakers seeking to improve environmental and social performance in logistics systems.\n"]