Black Box Warfare: Human Judgment and Military Decision-Making in the Age of AI

Ryan Shandler, Michael L. Gross, Yahli Shereshevsky, School of Cybersecurity , Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Political Sciences, University of Haifa, Faculty of Law, University of Haifa

Journal of Conflict Resolution

Published online on July 02, 2026

Abstract

Journal of Conflict Resolution, Ahead of Print.
How is AI transforming decision-making in modern conflict? This study provides a unique empirical window into that question by deploying a high-fidelity replica of an AI decision-support system (DSS) used in military targeting. After reconstructing the ...