Divergence or nationalization? Voting across constituencies in four European countries

Valentin Pautonnier, Ruth Dassonneville, Richard Nadeau, Department of Political Science, University of Ottawa, Democracy Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Departement of Political Science, Université de Montréal

Party Politics: The International Journal for the Study of Political Parties and Political Organizations

Published online on July 22, 2026

Abstract

Party Politics, Ahead of Print.
While the nationalization of elections is often viewed as a key characteristic of modern European democracies, the growing body of evidence on urban-rural electoral divergence suggests a reversal of nationalization, due to regional disparities in ...