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Cardiometabolic disease and risk of total knee arthroplasty among patients with knee osteoarthritis receiving intra-articular hyaluronic acid: a real-world cohort study

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Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease

Published online on

Abstract

Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease, Volume 18, January-December 2026.
Background:Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely used in the management of knee osteoarthritis (OA); however, treatment responses vary substantially among patients. Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) has been increasingly recognized as a potential ...