Wasta and informality: Institutional mechanisms of sustainable employment in the Middle East and North Africa
Economic and Industrial Democracy: An International Journal
Published online on July 10, 2026
Abstract
Economic and Industrial Democracy, Ahead of Print.
In many Middle East and North African (MENA) economies, formal systems of employment coexist with informal practices likewasta, using personal connections or intermediaries to secure favors. This article examines the relationship betweenwasta, ...
In many Middle East and North African (MENA) economies, formal systems of employment coexist with informal practices likewasta, using personal connections or intermediaries to secure favors. This article examines the relationship betweenwasta, ...