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The prevalence and unique clinical features of CPFE among patients with connective tissue disease–associated interstitial lung disease: a retrospective, real-world study

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Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease

Published online on

Abstract

Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease, Volume 20, January-December 2026.
Background:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a distinct yet clinically underrecognised syndrome. Interstitial pneumonia is a common pulmonary manifestation of connective tissue diseases (CTDs), and some CTD-interstitial lung disease (CTD-...