Development and external validation of two nomograms for predicting brain metastases and brain metastasis-free survival in primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a retrospective multicenter analysis

Liang Yi, Wei Huang, Qifeng Wang, Qingwu Du, Cihui Yan, Yaowen Zhang, Wenbin Shen, Xiaolin Ge, Ning Yang, Xiujun Su, Feng Wang, Jian Zhang, Wencheng Zhang, Zhiyong Yuan, Meng Wang

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology

Published online on August 04, 2026

Abstract

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology, Volume 18, January-December 2026.
Background:Reliably predicting brain metastasis (BM) and brain metastasis‑free survival (BMFS) in patients with primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (PSCCE) remains a clinical challenge.Objectives:To develop and externally validate predictive ...