Objective: To examine the current status of advance directives (ADs) and do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders among patients with terminal cancer in palliative care units (PCUs) in Japan. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of the last 3 consecutive patients who died in 203 PCUs before November 30, 2010. Results: The percentages of patients who had ADs during the final hospitalization for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation, intravenous fluid administration, tube feeding, antibiotic administration, and who had appointed a health care proxy were 47%, 46%, 42%, 19%, 18%, and 48%, respectively. Seventy-six percent of the patients had a DNR order. Of the patients with decision-making capacity, 68% were involved in the DNR decision. Conclusions: These findings may reflect positive changes in patients’ attitudes toward ADs, in Japan.