This study was carried out to observe the effect of screening in asymptomatic couple members on the Chlamydia trachomatis prevalence.

First void urine samples were collected from 105 women and their male sex partners. Women were recruited for screening at sexual health clinical setting (age 16–25 years), and home sampling screening options were used for men.

PCR detected seven positive C. trachomatis samples in women (6.6%) and five in men (4.6%). The concordant infection rate was 33% (3/9) (95% CI 13–182%).

Routine urine screening of only female partner results in substantial underestimation of the C. trachomatis prevalence, where probably 56% of the couples with at least one partner tested positive would not be unnoticed. Screening both partners compared with women- or men-only screening increases the detection rate of positive couples. Furthermore, the use of alternative screening approaches against clinical setting increases the accessibility to test at risk populations.