Beginning early in midlife, natural/primary aging is inevitably associated with a progressive reduction in muscle mass and function. This process can progress with aging to a substantial loss of strength, particularly in the lower extremities, reducing mobility. This condition, commonly referred to as sarcopenia, can result in frailty, reducing one’s ability to live independently. This article reviews the underlying biological process contributing to the development of sarcopenia and the roles of regular exercise and nutritional support for attenuating aging-associated muscle loss as well as risk and management of sarcopenia and associated frailty.